NAPAC2022 - Classification: 01: Colliders

Paper	Title	Page
MOYD1	Progress on the Electron-Ion Collider
	F.J. Willeke BNL, Upton, New York, USA A. Seryi JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: DOE-NP We will be reporting on the progress of the design and preparatory R&D for the Electron-Ion Collider.
	Slides MOYD1 [14.251 MB]
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MOYD2	Options for Future Colliders on Fermilab Site
	P.C. Bhat Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M.A. Palmer BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	As part of the Snowmass’21 effort, the Fermilab Collider Group has considered several options of future colliders which would fit the FNAL site boundaries. Here we present the most feasible opportunities and discuss their energy reach, luminosity potential and physics case, technical and financial feasibility.
	Slides MOYD2 [7.936 MB]
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MOYD3	EIC Transverse Emittance Growth Due to Crab Cavity RF Noise: Estimates and Mitigation	6
	T. Mastoridis, P. Fuller, P. Mahvi, Y. Matsumura CalPoly, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
	Funding: This work is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under Award Number DE-SC-0019287. The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) requires crab cavities to compensate for a 25 mrad crossing angle and achieve maximum luminosity. The crab cavity Radio Frequency (RF) system will inject low levels of noise to the crabbing field, generating transverse emittance growth and potentially limiting luminosity lifetime. In this work, we estimate the transverse emittance growth rate as a function of the Crab Cavity RF noise and quantify RF noise specifications for reasonable performance. Finally, we evaluate the possible mitigation of the RF noise induced emittance growth via a dedicated feedback system.
	Slides MOYD3 [0.223 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOYD3
About •	Received ※ 28 July 2022 — Revised ※ 01 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 07 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 October 2022
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MOYD4	Model Parameters Determination in EIC Strong-Strong Simulation	9
	D. Xu, C. Montag BNL, Upton, New York, USA Y. Hao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA Y. Luo Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	The ion beam is sensitive to numerical noise in the strong-strong simulation of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). This paper discusses the impact of model parameters — macro particles, transverse grids and longitudinal slices — on beam size evolution in PIC based strong-strong simulation. It will help us to understand the emittance growth in strong-strong simulation.
	Slides MOYD4 [0.849 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOYD4
About •	Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 03 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 August 2022
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MOYD5	Tolerances of Crab Dispersion at the Interaction Point in the Hadron Storage Ring of the Electron-Ion Collider	12
	Y. Luo, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, F.J. Willeke, D. Xu BNL, Upton, New York, USA Y. Hao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA V.S. Morozov ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA T. Satogata JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) presently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory will collide polarized high energy electron beams with hadron beams with luminosity up to 10³⁴ cm^-2 s^-1 in the center mass energy range of 20 to 140 GeV. Due to the detector solenoid in the interaction region, the design horizontal crabbing angle will be coupled to the vertical plane if uncompensated. In this article, we estimate the tolerance of crab dispersion at the interaction point in the EIC Hadron Storage Ring (HSR). Both strong-strong and weak-strong simulations are used. We found that there is a tight tolerance of vertical crabbing angle at the interaction point in the HSR.
	Slides MOYD5 [1.183 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOYD5
About •	Received ※ 01 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 August 2022
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MOYD6	Chromatic Correction of the EIC Electron Ring Lattice
	Y. Cai, Y.M. Nosochkov SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA J.S. Berg, J. Kewisch, Y. Li, D. Marx, C. Montag, S. Tepikian, F.J. Willeke BNL, Upton, New York, USA G.H. Hoffstaetter, J.E. Unger Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	We have developed a new chromatic compensation scheme for the electron storage ring with two low-beta interaction regions in the electron-ion collider. The hybrid scheme consists of modular chromatic matching of periodic systems and beamlines. The first-order chromatically matched solutions are linearly parameterized with the local linear chromaticities that control the higher order chromatic beatings. The parameterization enables an efficient optimization of dynamic aperture. As a result, we successfully achieve the 1% design criterion for the momentum aperture in the ring.
	Slides MOYD6 [1.667 MB]
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TUZD1	The Electron-Positron Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee)	315
	F. Zimmermann, M. Benedikt CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland K. Oide DPNC, Genève, Switzerland T.O. Raubenheimer SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the European Union’s H2020 Framework Programme under grant agreement no.~951754 (FCCIS). The Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee) is aimed at studying the Z and W bosons, the Higgs, and top quark with extremely high luminosity and good energy efficiency. Responding to a request from the 2020 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, in 2021 the CERN Council has launched the FCC Feasibility Study to examine the detailed implementation of such a collider. This FCC Feasibility Study will be completed by the end of 2025 and its results be presented to the next Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics expected in 2026/27.
	Slides TUZD1 [10.072 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUZD1
About •	Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 11 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
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TUZD2	The International Effort Towards a Muon Collider
	D. Stratakis Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA D. Schulte CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The recently formed International Muon Collider Collaboration aims to complete the R&D and design work required to deliver a Conceptual Design Report for a multi-TeV muon collider facility within the next decade. An overview of the planned research program, identifying the most challenging R&D questions, a discussion of the design approach, and the potential of such a machine for high energy physics research will be presented.
	Slides TUZD2 [2.359 MB]
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TUZD3	Ultimate Limits of Future Colliders	321
	M. Bai SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA V.D. Shiltsev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA F. Zimmermann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	With seven operational colliders in the world and two under construction, the international particle physics community not only actively explores options for the next facilities for detailed studies of the Higgs/electroweak physics and beyond-the-LHC energy frontier, but seeks a clear picture of the limits of the colliding beams method. In this paper, we try to consolidate various recent efforts in identifying physics limits of colliders in conjunction with societal sustainability, and share our thoughts about the perspective of reaching the ultimate quantum limit.
	Slides TUZD3 [3.848 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUZD3
About •	Received ※ 25 July 2022 — Revised ※ 03 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 August 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUZD4	Plans for Future Energy Frontier Accelerators to Drive Particle Physics Discovery
	M. Turner LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA M.A. Palmer BNL, Upton, New York, USA N. Pastrone INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy J.Y. Tang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The U.S. Particle Physics Community Planning Exercise, "Snowmass 2021", is nearing completion. This process provides input for the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5), which will develop a ~10 year scientific vision for the future of the U.S. high energy physics program. High energy particle colliders are the most promising tools to test the Standard Model and have been on the discovery forefront for the past 50 years. A future collider may also enable exploration of e.g., new particles and interactions, physics beyond the SM and dark matter. Several future multi-TeV collider concepts were considered during Snowmass. A range of issues were discussed, including: their physics reach, their level of maturity, the potential machine routes, timelines, R&D requirements, and common issues for these very high energy machines such as energy efficiency and cost. We will compare future collider concepts (1-100 TeV center-of-mass energy range (or beyond)) based on their physics potential, technology R&D required, and potential timelines. The aim is to explore possible strategies towards a next-generation multi-TeV collider to enable discoveries at the energy frontier.
	Slides TUZD4 [1.675 MB]
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUZD5	Experience and Challenges with Electron Cooling of Colliding Ion Beams in RHIC	325
	A.V. Fedotov, X. Gu, D. Kayran, J. Kewisch, S. Seletskiy BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. Electron cooling of ion beams employing rf-accelerated electron bunches was successfully used for the RHIC physics program in 2020 and 2021 and was essential in achieving the required luminosity goals. This presentation will summarize experience and challenges with electron cooling of colliding ion beams in RHIC. We also outline ongoing studies using rf-based electron cooler LEReC.
	Slides TUZD5 [1.373 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUZD5
About •	Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 September 2022
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TUZD6	DarkSRF: Using Accelerator Technology to Search for a Dark Photon
	S. Posen, A.S. Romanenko Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities have long been used to accelerate beams of charged particles. But their extremely high quality factors >10¹⁰ make them useful in high sensitivity searches for physics beyond the standard model. DarkSRF is a ’light-shining-through-the-wall’ (LSW) experiment in which two SRF cavities are tuned to the same frequency and only one is powered. RF power appearing in the unpowered cavity could be a sign of conversion of photons from the powered cavity into dark photons, and then conversion back into photons. In this contribution, we overview the concept, experimental apparatus, and first results.
	Slides TUZD6 [5.398 MB]
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WEPA69	The Impact on the Vertical Beam Dynamics Due to the Noise in a Horizontal Crab Crossing Scheme	788
	Y. Hao BNL, Upton, New York, USA Y. Luo Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work Supported BY Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under contract NO. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Several recent and future colliders have adopted the crab crossing scheme to boost performance. The lower RF control noise of the crab cavities has been identified as one of the significant sources that impact the transverse beam quality in the crabbing plane. However, through beam-beam interaction and other coupling sources, the effect may also affect the non-crabbing plane. In this paper, we report the simulation observations of the beam dynamics in the non-crabbing plane in the presence of phase noise in the crab cavity.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA69
About •	Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 07 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 09 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 September 2022
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WEPA75	{6-D} Element-by-Element Particle Tracking with Crab Cavity Phase Noise and Weak-Strong Beam-Beam Interaction for the Hadron Storage Ring of the Electron-Ion Collider	809
	Y. Luo, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, F.J. Willeke, D. Xu BNL, Upton, New York, USA Y. Hao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA H. Huang ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA V.S. Morozov ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA T. Satogata JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) presently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory will collide polarized high energy electron beams with hadron beams with luminosity up to 10³⁴ cm^-2 s^-1 in the center mass energy range of 20 to 140 GeV. Crab cavities are used to compensate the geometric luminosity due to a large crossing angle in the EIC. However, it was found that the phase noise in crab cavities will generate a significant emittance growth for hadron beams and its tolerance from analytical calculation is very small for the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) of the EIC. In this paper, we report on 6-D symplectic particle tracking to estimate the proton emittance growth rate, especially in the vertical plane, for the HSR with weak-strong beam-beam and other machine or lattice errors.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA75
About •	Received ※ 01 August 2022 — Revised ※ 06 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 09 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 August 2022
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WEPA83	Extended Soft-Gaussian Code for Beam-Beam Simulations	830
	D. Xu, C. Montag BNL, Upton, New York, USA Y. Hao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA Y. Luo Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Large ion beam emittance growth is observed in strong-strong beam-beam simulations for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). As we know, the Particle-In-Cell (PIC) solver is subject to numerical noises. As an alternative approach, an extended soft-Gaussian code is developed with help of Hermite polynomials in this paper. The correlation between the horizontal and the vertical coordinates of macro-particles is considered. The 3rd order center moments are also included in the beam-beam force. This code could be used as a cross check tool of PIC based strong-strong simulation.
	Poster WEPA83 [0.440 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA83
About •	Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 05 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 08 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 August 2022
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Paper

Title

Page

MOYD1

Progress on the Electron-Ion Collider

F.J. Willeke
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
A. Seryi
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: DOE-NP
We will be reporting on the progress of the design and preparatory R&D for the Electron-Ion Collider.

Slides MOYD1 [14.251 MB]

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOYD2

Options for Future Colliders on Fermilab Site

P.C. Bhat
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M.A. Palmer
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

As part of the Snowmass’21 effort, the Fermilab Collider Group has considered several options of future colliders which would fit the FNAL site boundaries. Here we present the most feasible opportunities and discuss their energy reach, luminosity potential and physics case, technical and financial feasibility.

Slides MOYD2 [7.936 MB]

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOYD3

EIC Transverse Emittance Growth Due to Crab Cavity RF Noise: Estimates and Mitigation

6

T. Mastoridis, P. Fuller, P. Mahvi, Y. Matsumura
CalPoly, San Luis Obispo, California, USA

Funding: This work is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under Award Number DE-SC-0019287.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) requires crab cavities to compensate for a 25 mrad crossing angle and achieve maximum luminosity. The crab cavity Radio Frequency (RF) system will inject low levels of noise to the crabbing field, generating transverse emittance growth and potentially limiting luminosity lifetime. In this work, we estimate the transverse emittance growth rate as a function of the Crab Cavity RF noise and quantify RF noise specifications for reasonable performance. Finally, we evaluate the possible mitigation of the RF noise induced emittance growth via a dedicated feedback system.

Slides MOYD3 [0.223 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOYD3

About •

Received ※ 28 July 2022 — Revised ※ 01 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 07 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOYD4

Model Parameters Determination in EIC Strong-Strong Simulation

9

D. Xu, C. Montag
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
Y. Hao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Y. Luo
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

The ion beam is sensitive to numerical noise in the strong-strong simulation of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). This paper discusses the impact of model parameters — macro particles, transverse grids and longitudinal slices — on beam size evolution in PIC based strong-strong simulation. It will help us to understand the emittance growth in strong-strong simulation.

Slides MOYD4 [0.849 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOYD4

About •

Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 03 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 August 2022

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOYD5

Tolerances of Crab Dispersion at the Interaction Point in the Hadron Storage Ring of the Electron-Ion Collider

12

Y. Luo, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, F.J. Willeke, D. Xu
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
Y. Hao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
V.S. Morozov
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
T. Satogata
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) presently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory will collide polarized high energy electron beams with hadron beams with luminosity up to 10³⁴ cm^-2 s^-1 in the center mass energy range of 20 to 140 GeV. Due to the detector solenoid in the interaction region, the design horizontal crabbing angle will be coupled to the vertical plane if uncompensated. In this article, we estimate the tolerance of crab dispersion at the interaction point in the EIC Hadron Storage Ring (HSR). Both strong-strong and weak-strong simulations are used. We found that there is a tight tolerance of vertical crabbing angle at the interaction point in the HSR.

Slides MOYD5 [1.183 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOYD5

About •

Received ※ 01 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 August 2022

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MOYD6

Chromatic Correction of the EIC Electron Ring Lattice

Y. Cai, Y.M. Nosochkov
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
J.S. Berg, J. Kewisch, Y. Li, D. Marx, C. Montag, S. Tepikian, F.J. Willeke
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
G.H. Hoffstaetter, J.E. Unger
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

We have developed a new chromatic compensation scheme for the electron storage ring with two low-beta interaction regions in the electron-ion collider. The hybrid scheme consists of modular chromatic matching of periodic systems and beamlines. The first-order chromatically matched solutions are linearly parameterized with the local linear chromaticities that control the higher order chromatic beatings. The parameterization enables an efficient optimization of dynamic aperture. As a result, we successfully achieve the 1% design criterion for the momentum aperture in the ring.

Slides MOYD6 [1.667 MB]

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TUZD1

The Electron-Positron Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee)

315

F. Zimmermann, M. Benedikt
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
K. Oide
DPNC, Genève, Switzerland
T.O. Raubenheimer
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the European Union’s H2020 Framework Programme under grant agreement no.~951754 (FCCIS).
The Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee) is aimed at studying the Z and W bosons, the Higgs, and top quark with extremely high luminosity and good energy efficiency. Responding to a request from the 2020 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, in 2021 the CERN Council has launched the FCC Feasibility Study to examine the detailed implementation of such a collider. This FCC Feasibility Study will be completed by the end of 2025 and its results be presented to the next Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics expected in 2026/27.

Slides TUZD1 [10.072 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUZD1

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Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 11 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

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TUZD2

The International Effort Towards a Muon Collider

D. Stratakis
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
D. Schulte
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The recently formed International Muon Collider Collaboration aims to complete the R&D and design work required to deliver a Conceptual Design Report for a multi-TeV muon collider facility within the next decade. An overview of the planned research program, identifying the most challenging R&D questions, a discussion of the design approach, and the potential of such a machine for high energy physics research will be presented.

Slides TUZD2 [2.359 MB]

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TUZD3

Ultimate Limits of Future Colliders

321

M. Bai
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
V.D. Shiltsev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
F. Zimmermann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

With seven operational colliders in the world and two under construction, the international particle physics community not only actively explores options for the next facilities for detailed studies of the Higgs/electroweak physics and beyond-the-LHC energy frontier, but seeks a clear picture of the limits of the colliding beams method. In this paper, we try to consolidate various recent efforts in identifying physics limits of colliders in conjunction with societal sustainability, and share our thoughts about the perspective of reaching the ultimate quantum limit.

Slides TUZD3 [3.848 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUZD3

About •

Received ※ 25 July 2022 — Revised ※ 03 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 August 2022

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUZD4

Plans for Future Energy Frontier Accelerators to Drive Particle Physics Discovery

M. Turner
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
M.A. Palmer
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
N. Pastrone
INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy
J.Y. Tang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The U.S. Particle Physics Community Planning Exercise, "Snowmass 2021", is nearing completion. This process provides input for the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5), which will develop a ~10 year scientific vision for the future of the U.S. high energy physics program. High energy particle colliders are the most promising tools to test the Standard Model and have been on the discovery forefront for the past 50 years. A future collider may also enable exploration of e.g., new particles and interactions, physics beyond the SM and dark matter. Several future multi-TeV collider concepts were considered during Snowmass. A range of issues were discussed, including: their physics reach, their level of maturity, the potential machine routes, timelines, R&D requirements, and common issues for these very high energy machines such as energy efficiency and cost. We will compare future collider concepts (1-100 TeV center-of-mass energy range (or beyond)) based on their physics potential, technology R&D required, and potential timelines. The aim is to explore possible strategies towards a next-generation multi-TeV collider to enable discoveries at the energy frontier.

Slides TUZD4 [1.675 MB]

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TUZD5

Experience and Challenges with Electron Cooling of Colliding Ion Beams in RHIC

325

A.V. Fedotov, X. Gu, D. Kayran, J. Kewisch, S. Seletskiy
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy.
Electron cooling of ion beams employing rf-accelerated electron bunches was successfully used for the RHIC physics program in 2020 and 2021 and was essential in achieving the required luminosity goals. This presentation will summarize experience and challenges with electron cooling of colliding ion beams in RHIC. We also outline ongoing studies using rf-based electron cooler LEReC.

Slides TUZD5 [1.373 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUZD5

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Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 September 2022

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TUZD6

DarkSRF: Using Accelerator Technology to Search for a Dark Photon

S. Posen, A.S. Romanenko
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities have long been used to accelerate beams of charged particles. But their extremely high quality factors >10¹⁰ make them useful in high sensitivity searches for physics beyond the standard model. DarkSRF is a ’light-shining-through-the-wall’ (LSW) experiment in which two SRF cavities are tuned to the same frequency and only one is powered. RF power appearing in the unpowered cavity could be a sign of conversion of photons from the powered cavity into dark photons, and then conversion back into photons. In this contribution, we overview the concept, experimental apparatus, and first results.

Slides TUZD6 [5.398 MB]

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WEPA69

The Impact on the Vertical Beam Dynamics Due to the Noise in a Horizontal Crab Crossing Scheme

788

Y. Hao
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
Y. Luo
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work Supported BY Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under contract NO. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Several recent and future colliders have adopted the crab crossing scheme to boost performance. The lower RF control noise of the crab cavities has been identified as one of the significant sources that impact the transverse beam quality in the crabbing plane. However, through beam-beam interaction and other coupling sources, the effect may also affect the non-crabbing plane. In this paper, we report the simulation observations of the beam dynamics in the non-crabbing plane in the presence of phase noise in the crab cavity.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA69

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Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 07 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 09 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 September 2022

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WEPA75

{6-D} Element-by-Element Particle Tracking with Crab Cavity Phase Noise and Weak-Strong Beam-Beam Interaction for the Hadron Storage Ring of the Electron-Ion Collider

809

Y. Luo, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, F.J. Willeke, D. Xu
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
Y. Hao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
H. Huang
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
V.S. Morozov
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
T. Satogata
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) presently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory will collide polarized high energy electron beams with hadron beams with luminosity up to 10³⁴ cm^-2 s^-1 in the center mass energy range of 20 to 140 GeV. Crab cavities are used to compensate the geometric luminosity due to a large crossing angle in the EIC. However, it was found that the phase noise in crab cavities will generate a significant emittance growth for hadron beams and its tolerance from analytical calculation is very small for the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) of the EIC. In this paper, we report on 6-D symplectic particle tracking to estimate the proton emittance growth rate, especially in the vertical plane, for the HSR with weak-strong beam-beam and other machine or lattice errors.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA75

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Received ※ 01 August 2022 — Revised ※ 06 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 09 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 August 2022

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WEPA83

Extended Soft-Gaussian Code for Beam-Beam Simulations

830

D. Xu, C. Montag
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
Y. Hao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Y. Luo
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Large ion beam emittance growth is observed in strong-strong beam-beam simulations for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). As we know, the Particle-In-Cell (PIC) solver is subject to numerical noises. As an alternative approach, an extended soft-Gaussian code is developed with help of Hermite polynomials in this paper. The correlation between the horizontal and the vertical coordinates of macro-particles is considered. The 3rd order center moments are also included in the beam-beam force. This code could be used as a cross check tool of PIC based strong-strong simulation.

Poster WEPA83 [0.440 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA83

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Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 05 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 08 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 24 August 2022

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