06: Beam Instrumentation and Controls
Paper Title Page
MOPA09 Design of a 4D Emittance Diagnostic for Low-Energy Ion Beams 67
 
  • T.R. Curtin, M.S. Curtin
    Ion Linac Systems, Inc., Albuquerque, USA
 
  Characterization of ion beams from an ion injector consisting of an electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) source in combination with a low-energy-beam-transport (LEBT) typically exhibits a complex four-dimensional transverse phase-space distribution. The importance of measuring the ion beam correlations following extraction and transport of the low-energy beam is critical to enabling optimization of beam transmission through downstream accelerating structures. A design for a transverse, four-dimensional emittance meter for low-energy protons from the Ion Linac Systems (ILS) ECR-LEBT ion injector is provided.  
poster icon Poster MOPA09 [0.479 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA09  
About • Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 05 December 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 December 2022
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MOPA12 Commissioning of HOM Detectors in the First Cryomodule of the LCLS-II Linac 69
 
  • J.A. Diaz Cruz
    UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA
  • B.T. Jacobson, N.R. Neveu, J.P. Sikora
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
 
  Long-range wakefields (LRWs) may cause emittance dilution effects. LWRs are especially unwanted at facilities with low emittance beams like the LCLS-II at SLAC. Dipolar higher-order modes (HOMs) are a set of LRWs that are excited by off-axis beams. Two 4-channel HOM detectors were built to measure the beam-induced HOM signals for TESLA-type superconducting RF (SRF) cavities; they were tested at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility and are now installed at SLAC. The HOM detectors were designed to investigate LRW effects on the beam and to help with beam alignment. This paper presents preliminary results of HOM measurements at the first cryomodule (CM01) of the LCLS-II linac and describes the relevant hardware and setup of the experiment.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA12  
About • Received ※ 09 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 20 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022  
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MOPA14 A Wide Dynamic-Range Halo Monitor for 8 GeV Proton Beams at FNAL 75
 
  • Y. Hashimoto, C. Ohmori, T. Sasaki, M. Tejima, T. Toyama, M. Uota
    KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
  • R. Ainsworth
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • H. Sakai
    Mitsubishi Electric System & Service Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
  • Y. Sato
    J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
 
  Funding: Foundation: U.S.-Japan Science and Technology Cooperation Program in High Energy Physics.
Eliminating harmful beam halos is the most important technique for high-intensity proton accelerators. Therefore, beam halo diagnosis is indispensable and becomes more and more important. At J-PARC, a wide dynamic range monitor was installed in the beam transport line in 2012. The device is a two-dimensional beam profile monitor [*, **], and it has a dynamic range of approximately six digits of magnitude by using Optical Transition Radiation and fluorescence screens. The FNAL accelerator complex has been upgrading through increased beam intensity and beam quality. A new beam halo diagnostic device is required in the beam transport line between the booster and recycler. It will be manufactured in a collaboration between J-PARC and FNAL as a part of the U.S.-Japan Science and Technology Cooperation Program in High Energy Physics. We are redesigning the monitor to satisfy FNAL specifications for beam energy, intensity, and size. The equipment will be manufactured at J-PARC and then shipped to FNAL in 2024. In this report, the design of the device will be described.
* https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/IBIC2013/papers/tucl2.pdf
** http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/HB2014/papers/tuo2ab04.pdf
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA14  
About • Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 07 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022
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MOPA15 Synchronous High-Frequency Distributed Readout for Edge Processing at the Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler 79
 
  • J.R. Berlioz, J.M.S. Arnold, M.R. Austin, P.M. Hanlet, K.J. Hazelwood, M.A. Ibrahim, A. Narayanan, D.J. Nicklaus, G. Pradhan, A.L. Saewert, B.A. Schupbach, R.M. Thurman-Keup, N.V. Tran
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • J. Jiang, H. Liu, S. Memik, R. Shi, M. Thieme, D. Ulusel
    Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
  • A. Narayanan
    Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No.De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. Additional funding provided by Grant Award No. LAB 20-2261
The Main Injector (MI) was commissioned using data acquisition systems developed for the Fermilab Main Ring in the 1980s. New VME-based instrumentation was commissioned in 2006 for beam loss monitors (BLM), which provided a more systematic study of the machine and improved displays of routine operation. However, current projects are demanding more data and at a faster rate from this aging hardware. One such project, Real-time Edge AI for Distributed Systems (READS), requires the high-frequency, low-latency collection of synchronized BLM readings from around the approximately two-mile accelerator complex. Significant work has been done to develop new hardware to monitor the VME backplane and broadcast BLM measurements over Ethernet, while not disrupting the existing operations-critical functions of the BLM system. This paper will detail the design, implementation, and testing of this parallel data pathway.
 
poster icon Poster MOPA15 [1.641 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA15  
About • Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 04 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 August 2022
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MOPA28 Semantic Regression for Disentangling Beam Losses in the Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler 112
 
  • M. Thieme, H. Liu, S. Memik, R. Shi
    Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
  • J.M.S. Arnold, M.R. Austin, P.M. Hanlet, K.J. Hazelwood, M.A. Ibrahim, V.P. Nagaslaev, A. Narayanan, D.J. Nicklaus, G. Pradhan, A.L. Saewert, B.A. Schupbach, K. Seiya, R.M. Thurman-Keup, N.V. Tran
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No.De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. Additional funding provided by Grant Award No. LAB 20-2261, Batavia, IL USA
Fermilab’s Main Injector enclosure houses two accelerators: the Main Injector (MI) and the Recycler (RR). In periods of joint operation, when both machines contain high intensity beam, radiative beam losses from MI and RR overlap on the enclosure’s beam loss monitoring (BLM) system, making it difficult to attribute those losses to a single machine. Incorrect diagnoses result in unnecessary downtime that incurs both financial and experimental cost. In this work, we introduce a novel neural approach for automatically disentangling each machine’s contributions to those measured losses. Using a continuous adaptation of the popular UNet architecture in conjunction with a novel data augmentation scheme, our model accurately infers the machine of origin on a per-BLM basis in periods of joint and independent operation. Crucially, by extracting beam loss information at varying receptive fields, the method is capable of learning both local and global machine signatures and producing high quality inferences using only raw BLM loss measurements.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA28  
About • Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 05 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 06 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 September 2022
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MOPA29 Second Generation Fermilab Main Injector 8 GeV Beamline Collimation Preliminary Design 116
 
  • K.J. Hazelwood, P. Adamson, B.C. Brown, D. Capista, R.M. Donahue, B.L. Klein, N.V. Mokhov, V.S. Pronskikh, V.I. Sidorov, M.C. Vincent
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
 
  The current Fermilab Main Injector 8 GeV beamline transverse collimation system was installed in 2006. Since then, proton beam intensities and rates have increased significantly. With the promise of even greater beam intensities and a faster repetition rate when the PIP-II upgrade completes later this decade, the current collimation system will be insufficient. Over the past 18 months, multiple collimation designs have been investigated, some more traditional and others novel. A preliminary design review was conducted and a design chosen. Work is underway to finalize the chosen design, prototype some of its novel components and procure parts for installation Summer 2023.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA29  
About • Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 15 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 September 2022
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MOPA41 Diagnostics for LINAC Optimization with Machine Learning 139
 
  • R.V. Sharankova, M.W. Mwaniki, K. Seiya, M.E. Wesley
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
 
  The Fermilab Linac delivers 400 MeV H beam to the rest of the accelerator chain. Providing stable intensity, energy, and emittance is key since it directly affects downstream machines. To operate high current beam, accelerators must minimize uncontrolled particle loss; this is generally accomplished by minimizing beam emittance. Ambient temperature and humidity variations are known to affect resonance frequency of the accelerating cavities which induces emittance growth. In addition, the energy and phase space distribution of particles emerging from the ion source are subject to fluctuations. To counter these effects we are working on implementing dynamic longitudinal parameter optimization based on Machine Learning (ML). As an input for the ML model, signals from beam diagnostic have to be well understand and reliable. We have been revisiting diagnostics in the linac. In this presentation we discuss the status of the diagnostics and beam studies as well as the status and plans for ML-based optimization.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA41  
About • Received ※ 05 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 06 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022  
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MOPA43 Dee Voltage Regulator for the 88-Inch Cyclotron 147
 
  • M. Kireeff, P. Bloemhard, T. Hassan, L. Phair
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
 
  Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231
A new broadband Dee voltage regulator was designed and built for the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The previous regulator was obsolete, consequently, it was difficult to troubleshoot and repair. Additionally, during operation, it displayed problems of distortion and stability at certain frequencies. The new regulator uses off-the-shelf components that can detect and disable the RF during sparking events, protecting the RF driver system. Furthermore, it improves the tuning of the cyclotron and allows consistency in operation.
 
poster icon Poster MOPA43 [1.032 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA43  
About • Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 04 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 16 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022
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MOPA66 Hadron Monitor Calibration System for NuMI 193
 
  • N.L. Muldrow
    IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • P. Snopok
    Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illlinois, USA
  • K. Yonehara
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: CAST Fellowship
NuMI (Neutrinos at Main Injector) beamline at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory provides neutrinos to various neutrino experiments. The hadron monitor consisting of a 5 by 5 array of ionization chambers is part of the diagnostics for the beamline. In order to calibrate the hadron monitor, a gamma source is needed. We present the status and progress of the development of the calibration system for the hadron monitor. The system based on Raspberry Pi controlled CNC system, motors, and position sensors would allow us to place the gamma source precisely to calibrate the signal gain of individual pixels. The ultimate outcome of the study is a prototype of the calibration system.
 
poster icon Poster MOPA66 [2.300 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA66  
About • Received ※ 18 July 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022  
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MOPA70 Film Dosimetry Characterization of the Research Linac at the University of Maryland 203
 
  • A.S. Johnson, L.T. Gilde, M.K. Hottinger, T.W. Koeth
    UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
 
  A heavily modified Varian linac was installed as part of the University of Maryland Radiation Facilities in the early 1980s. The electron linac was initially used for materials testing and pulsed radiolysis. Overtime, diagnostics such as a spectrometer magnet and scintillator screens have been removed, limiting the ability to describe the electron beam. The beamline is currently configured with a thin titanium window to allow the electrons to escape the vacuum region and interact with samples in air. A calibrated film dosimetry system was used to characterize the transverse beam dimensions and uniformity in air. The results of these experimental measurements will be described in this paper.  
poster icon Poster MOPA70 [3.423 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA70  
About • Received ※ 27 July 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 August 2022
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MOPA75 Machine Learning for Slow Spill Regulation in the Fermilab Delivery Ring for Mu2e 214
 
  • A. Narayanan
    Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
  • J.M.S. Arnold, M.R. Austin, J.R. Berlioz, P.M. Hanlet, K.J. Hazelwood, M.A. Ibrahim, V.P. Nagaslaev, D.J. Nicklaus, G. Pradhan, P.S. Prieto, A.L. Saewert, B.A. Schupbach, K. Seiya, R.M. Thurman-Keup, N.V. Tran
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • J. Jiang, H. Liu, S. Memik, R. Shi, M. Thieme, D. Ulusel
    Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Work done partly (READS) collaboration at Fermilab (Grant Award No. LAB 20-2261). Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
A third-integer resonant slow extraction system is being developed for the Fermilab’s Delivery Ring to deliver protons to the Mu2e experiment. During a slow extraction process, the beam on target is liable to experience small intensity variations due to many factors. Owing to the experiment’s strict requirements in the quality of the spill, a Spill Regulation System (SRS) is currently under design. The SRS primarily consists of three components - slow regulation, fast regulation, and harmonic content tracker. In this presentation, we shall present the investigations of using Machine Learning (ML) in the fast regulation system, including further optimizations of PID controller gains for the fast regulation, prospects of an ML agent completely replacing the PID controller using supervised learning schemes such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) ML models, the simulated impact and limitation of machine response characteristics on the effectiveness of both PID and ML regulation of the spill. We also present here nascent results of Reinforcement Learning efforts, including continuous-action soft actor-critic methods, to regulate the spill rate.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA75  
About • Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 18 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 October 2022
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MOPA80 Design Study for Non-Intercepting Gas-Sheet Profile Monitor at FRIB 229
 
  • A. Lokey, S.M. Lidia
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, High Energy Physics under Cooperative Agreement award number DE-SC0018362 and Michigan State University.
Non-invasive profile monitors offer a significant advantage for continuous, online monitoring of transverse beam profile and tuning of beam parameters during operation. This is due to both the non-destructive nature of the measurement and the unique feature that some monitors have of being able to determine both transverse profiles in one measurement [1]. One method of interest for making this measurement is the use of a thin gas curtain, which intercepts the beam and generates both ions and photons, which can be collected at a detector situated perpendicular to the gas sheet. This study will investigate the requirements for developing such a measurement device for use at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), which produces high-intensity, multi charge state, heavy ion beams. Included will be an initial design specifications and an analysis of alternatives between ionization and beam-induced fluorescence measurement techniques for acquiring signal from the gas sheet.
[1] I. Yamada, M. Wada, K. Moriya, et al, "High-intensity beam profile measurement using a gas sheet monitor by beam induced fluorescence detection," Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 24, 042801, 2021.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA80  
About • Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 06 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 06 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 October 2022
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MOPA88 FRIB and UEM LLRF Controller Upgrade 256
 
  • S.R. Kunjir, E. Bernal, D.G. Morris, S. Zhao
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • C.-Y. Ruan
    MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
 
  Funding: Supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan, Michigan State University and U.S. National Science Foundation grant DMR-1625181.
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) is developing a 644 MHz superconducting (SC) cavity for a future upgrade project. The current low level radio frequency (LLRF) controller at FRIB is not able to operate at 644 MHz. The Ultrafast Electron Microscope (UEM) laboratory within the Department of Physics at Michigan State University designed an LLRF controller based on analog RF components to operate a 1.013 GHz room temperature (RT) cavity. With requirements for improved stability, performance and user controls there was a need to upgrade the analog LLRF controller. The FRIB radio frequency (RF) group designed, developed and fabricated a new digital LLRF controller, with high-speed serial interface between system on chip field programmable gate array and fast data converters and capable of high frequency direct sampling, to meet the requirements of 644 MHz SC cavity and 1.013 GHz UEM RT cavity. This paper gives an overview of the upgraded digital LLRF controller, its features, improvements and preliminary test results.
 
poster icon Poster MOPA88 [2.818 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA88  
About • Received ※ 01 August 2022 — Revised ※ 03 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 August 2022
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MOPA90 Relating Initial Distribution to Beam Loss on the Front End of a Heavy-Ion Linac Using Machine Learning 263
 
  • A.D. Tran, Y. Hao
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • J.L. Martinez Marin, B. Mustapha
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: This work was supported by a sub-reward from Argonne National Laboratory and supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
This work demonstrates using a Neural Network and a Gaussian Process to model the ATLAS front-end. Various neural network architectures were created and trained on the machine settings and outputs to model the phase space projections. The model was then trained on a dataset, with non-linear distortion, to gauge the transferability of the model from simulation to machine.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA90  
About • Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 05 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 06 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 September 2022
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TUPA04 Sheet Electron Probe for Beam Tomography 354
 
  • V.G. Dudnikov, M.A. Cummings, G. Dudnikova
    Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Supported by DOE SBIR grant # DE-SC0021581.
We propose a new approach to electron beam tomography: we will generate a pulsed sheet of electrons. As the ion beam bunches pass through the sheet, they cause distortions in the distribution of sheet electrons arriving at a luminescent screen with a CCD device on the other side of the beam; these sheet electrons are interpreted to give a continuous measurement of the beam profile. The apparatus to generate the sheet beam is a strip cathode, which, compared to the scanning electron beam probe, is smaller, has simpler design and less expensive manufacturing, has better magnetic shielding, has higher sensitivity and higher resolution, has better accuracy of measurement, and has better time resolution.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA04  
About • Received ※ 22 July 2022 — Revised ※ 02 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 08 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 August 2022
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TUPA17 Beam-Based Alignment of Sextupole Families in the EIC 378
 
  • J.C. Wang, G.H. Hoffstaetter, D. Sagan
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  • C. Montag
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
 
  To steer the closed orbit in a storage ring through the center of its quadrupoles, it is important to accurately know the quadrupole centers relative to nearby beam position monitors. Usually this is achieved by beam-based alignment (BBA). Assuming the quadrupole strength can be changed individually, one finds the BPM reading where changing a quadrupole’s strength does not alter the closed orbit. Since most quadrupoles are powered in series, they can only be varied independently if costly power supplies are added. For the EIC electron storage ring (ESR), we investigate whether sextupole BBA can be used instead. Individually powered sextupole BBA techniques already exist, but most sextupoles are powered in families and cannot be individually changed. We therefore developed a method where a localized bump changes the beam excursion in a single sextupole of a family, turning off all families that also have sextupoles in the bump. The bump amplitude at which the sextupole does not cause a closed orbit kick determines the sextupole’s alignment. This study was made to investigate the precision to which this method can be utilized.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA17  
About • Received ※ 04 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 August 2022
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TUPA18 Promise and Challenges of a Method for 5x5 Sigma Matrix Measurement in a Transport Line 382
 
  • M. Borland, V. Sajaev, K.P. Wootton
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is upgrading the storage ring to a design that requires on-axis injection. Matching between the incoming beam and the ring is important to ensure high injection efficiency. Toward this end, we have developed and tested a method for measuring all σ matrix elements except those related to the time coordinate. We report on challenges inherent in this technique, based on simulation and real-world trials.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA18  
About • Received ※ 29 July 2022 — Accepted ※ 05 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 September 2022  
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TUPA22 Measurements of Bunch Length in the Advanced Photon Source Booster Synchrotron 394
 
  • J.C. Dooling, W. Berg, J.R. Calvey, K.C. Harkay, K.P. Wootton
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. D.O.E.,Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC02- 06CH11357.
A bunch duration monitor (BDM) was installed at the end of a synchrotron light monitor (SLM) port in the Advanced Photon Source (APS) booster synchrotron. The BDM is based on a fast Hamamatsu metal-semiconductor-metal detector with nominal rise and fall times of 30 ps. Bunch length data is especially important as the bunch charge will be raised from 3 nC, used in the existing machine, to as much as 18 nC for APS-Upgrade operation. During preliminary high-charge studies, the SLM image is observed to move over a period of minutes while the BDM signal intensity varies; the motion is likely due to thermal loading of the in-tunnel synchrotron light mirror. Work is underway to stabilize the position using a simple feedback system and motorized mirror mount, as well as a new synchrotron light mirror assembly with improved thermal load handling. The feedback system will maintain optical alignment on the BDM at an optimum position based on the SLM centroid location. The optical layout and feedback system will be presented along with preliminary bunch length data.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA22  
About • Received ※ 04 August 2022 — Revised ※ 09 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022
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TUPA28 Update on the Development of a Low-Cost Button BPM Signal Detector at AWA 409
 
  • W. Liu, G. Chen, D.S. Doran, S.Y. Kim, X. Lu, P. Piot, J.G. Power, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  • E.E. Wisniewski
    IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science.
A single-pulse, high dynamic range, cost-effective BPM signal detector has been on the most wanted list of the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) Test Facility for many years. The unique capabilities of the AWA beamline require BPM instrumentation with an unprecedented dynamic range, thus a cost-effective solution could be challenging to design and prototype. With the help of a better circuit model for a button BPM signal source, we are able to do the circuit simulations with more realistic input signals and make predictions much closer to realities. Our most recent design and prototype results are shared in this paper.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA28  
About • Received ※ 01 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 October 2022
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPA36 The Advanced Photon Source Linac Extension Area Beamline 430
 
  • K.P. Wootton, W. Berg, J.M. Byrd, J.C. Dooling, G.I. Fystro, A.H. Lumpkin, Y. Sun, A. Zholents
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  • C.C. Hall
    RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
 
  Funding: This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The Linac Extension Area at the Advanced Photon Source is a flexible beamline area for testing accelerator components and techniques. Driven by the Advanced Photon Source electron linac equipped with a photocathode RF electron gun, the Linac Extension Area houses a 12 m long beamline. The beamline is furnished with YAG screens, BPMs and a magnetic spectrometer to assist with characterization of beam emittance and energy spread. A 1.4 m long insertion in the middle of the beamline is provided for the installation of a device under test. The beamline is expected to be available soon for testing accelerator components and techniques using round and flat electron beams over an energy range 150-450 MeV. In the present work, we describe this beamline and summarise the main beam parameters.
 
poster icon Poster TUPA36 [0.892 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA36  
About • Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 19 September 2022
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TUPA37 A Distributed Beam Loss Monitor Based upon Activation of Oxygen in Deionised Cooling Water 433
 
  • K.P. Wootton
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
We propose a novel beam loss detection scheme whereby activation of deionised cooling water is used to observe elevated radiation around the APS storage ring. This is based on radioactivation of oxygen within deionised cooling water by gamma rays above 10 MeV and neutrons above 15 MeV. Losses would be detected using a gamma ray detector monitoring process water flow out of the accelerator enclosure. We anticipate that this could be used to provide a segmented, distributed loss monitor system covering the accelerator components closest to locations where radiation is generated.
 
poster icon Poster TUPA37 [0.528 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA37  
About • Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 09 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 September 2022  
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TUPA38 Sublinear Intensity Response of Cerium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet Screen with Charge 437
 
  • K.P. Wootton, A.H. Lumpkin
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Swap-out injection to the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade storage ring necessitates the injection of ~17 nC electron bunches at 6 GeV. To aid with machine tune-up and to measure the beam size, diagnostic imaging screens are envisaged at several locations in the beam transport line from the booster synchrotron to the storage ring. As such, it is important to determine whether the response of these screens to charge is linear. In the present work, we examine the effect of sublinear intensity quenching of a Cerium-doped Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet scintillator screen. A 1.3 megapixel FLIR BlackFly monochrome digital camera was used to image the beam at the scintillator. At 7 GeV beam energy, over the charge densities investigated (<10 fC um-2), an approximately 10 % reduction of the imaging intensity due to quenching of the scintillator was observed.
 
poster icon Poster TUPA38 [0.557 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA38  
About • Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 03 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 August 2022  
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TUPA41 Applications of Machine Learning in Photo-Cathode Injectors 441
 
  • A. Aslam
    UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA
  • M. Babzien
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • S. Biedron
    Element Aero, Chicago, USA
 
  To configure a photoinjector to reproduce a given electron bunch with the desired characteristics, it is necessary to adjust the operating parameters with high precision. More or less, the fine tunability of the laser parameters are of extreme importance as we try to model further applications of the photoinjector. The laser pulse incident on the photocathode critically affects the electron bunch 3D phase space. Parameters such as the laser pulse transverse shape, total energy, and temporal profile must be controlled independently, any laser pulse variation over both short and long-time scales also requires correction. The ability to produce arbitrary laser intensity distributions enables better control of electron bunch transverse and longitudinal emittance by affecting the space-charge forces throughout the bunch. In an accelerator employing a photoinjector, electron optics in the beamline downstream are used to transport, manipulate, and characterize the electron bunch. The adjustment of the electron optics to achieve a desired electron bunch at the interaction point is a much better understood problem than laser adjustment, so this research emphasizes laser shaping.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA41  
About • Received ※ 30 July 2022 — Revised ※ 12 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 13 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022
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TUPA43 Novel RF Phase Detector for Accelerator Applications 446
 
  • J.M. Potter
    JP Accelerator Works, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
 
  A novel phase detector has been developed that is suitable for use in an rf phase locked loop for locking an rf source to an rf accelerator structure or phase locking the accelerator structure to a fixed or adjustable frequency rf source. It is also useful for fast phase feedback to control the phase of an accelerator rf field. The principle is applicable to a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes. The phase is uniquely and unambiguously determined over 360°, eliminating the need for external phase shifters or phase references. The operation of this phase detector is described in detail. An application is described that uses a DDS-based LLRF source as the rf input to a high-power rf system.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA43  
About • Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 04 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 05 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 October 2022
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TUPA47 Upgrade from ADCs with Centrally Scheduled Triggers to Continually Triggered Waveform Digitizers 452
 
  • S.A. Baily, B.C. Atencio, A.J. Braido, C.D. Hatch, J.O. Hill, S.M. Johnson, L.S. Kennel, M. Pieck, L.E. Walker, H.A. Watkins, E.E. Westbrook, K. Xu, D.D. Zimmermann
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
 
  The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) control system includes many data channels that are timed and flavored, i.e., users can specify the species of beam and time within the beam pulse at which data are reported. The legacy LANSCE control system accom-plished this task by queuing up application software-initiated requests and scheduling Analog to Digital Con-verter (ADC) readout with custom programmable time-delay gated and multiplexed Remote Information and Control Equipment (RICE). This year we upgraded this system to a new Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) system that includes signal ded-icated waveform digitizer. An appropriate subset of the data is then returned as specified by each client. This is made possible by improvements to EPICS software, a Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Mezzanine Card (FMC) based ADC and a COTS VPX FPGA card with EPICS embedded on a soft-core processor. This year we upgraded over 1200 waveform channels from RICE to the new TDAQ (Timed/flavored Data Acquisition) system.
LA-UR-22-27932
 
poster icon Poster TUPA47 [1.379 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA47  
About • Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 October 2022
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TUPA58 Iterative Tuning of the Beam Feedforward Controller for LANSCE LINAC Digital Low Level RF Control System 475
 
  • S. Kwon, A.T. Archuleta, L.J. Castellano, M.S. Prokop, C. Rose, P.A. Torrez, P. Van Rooy
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
 
  Funding: USDOE
This paper addresses an iterative particle beam phase and amplitude feedforward controller tuning method based on the gradient search approach. The method does not need an a priori plant model as it only needs data collected in previous experimental runs. The controller is implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) equipped with a real-time operating system and a network connection. Data from each RF pulse is collected and sent via the network to the FPGA for processing. The controller tuning is performed between the RF pulses. Once the tuning is performed, the controller parameters are downloaded to the controller in the FPGA and new controller parameters are applied at the upcoming RF pulse
 
poster icon Poster TUPA58 [0.998 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA58  
About • Received ※ 01 August 2022 — Revised ※ 09 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022
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TUPA62 LANSCE Control System’s 50th Anniversary 482
 
  • M. Pieck, C.D. Hatch, J.O. Hill, H.A. Watkins, E.E. Westbrook
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
 
  After almost exactly 50 years in service, the LANSCE (Los Alamos Neutron Science Center) control system has achieved a major milestone, replacing its original and reliable RICE (Remote Instrumentation and Control Equipment) with a modern customized control system. The task of replacing RICE was challenging because of its technology (late 1960’s), number of channels (>10,000), unique characteristics (all-modules data takes, timed/flavored data takes) and that it was designed as an integral part of the whole accelerator. We discuss the history, RICE integral architecture, upgrade efforts, and the new system providing cutting-edge capabilities. The boundary condition was that upgrades only could be implemented during the annual four-month accelerator maintenance outage. This led to a multi-phased project which turned out to be about an 11-year effort.  
poster icon Poster TUPA62 [1.985 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA62  
About • Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 09 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 September 2022
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TUPA65 Machine Learning for the LANL Electromagnetic Isotope Separator 490
 
  • A. Scheinker, K.W. Dudeck, C.P. Leibman
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
 
  Funding: Los Alamos National Laboratory Electromagnetic Isotope Separator Project.
The Los Alamos National Laboratory electromagnetic isotope separator (EMIS) utilizes a Freeman ion source to generate beams of various elements which are accelerated to 40 keV and passed through a 75-degree bend using a large dipole magnet with a radius of 1.2 m. The isotope mass differences translate directly to a spread in momentum, dp, relative to the design momentum p0. Momentum spread is converted to spread in the horizontal arrival location dx at a target chamber by the dispersion of the dipole magnet: dx = D(s)dp/p0. By placing a thin slit leading to a collection chamber at a location xc specific isotope mass is isolated by adjusting the dipole magnet strength or the beam energy. The arriving beam current at xc is associated with average isotope atomic mass, giving an isotope mass spectrum I(m) measured in mA. Although the EMIS is a compact system (5 m) setting up and automatically running at an optimal isotope separation profile I(m) profile is challenging due to time-variation of the complex source as well as un-modeled disturbances. We present preliminary results of developing adaptive machine learning-based tools for the EMIS beam and for the accelerator components.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA65  
About • Received ※ 18 July 2022 — Revised ※ 07 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 08 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 10 August 2022
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TUPA85 First Results from a Multileaf Collimator and Emittance Exchange Beamline 531
 
  • N. Majernik, G. Andonian, C.D. Lorch, W.J. Lynn, J.B. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • D.S. Doran, S.Y. Kim, P. Piot, J.G. Power, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Department of Energy DE-SC0017648 and National Science Foundation PHY-1549132.
By shaping the transverse profile of a particle beam prior to an emittance exchange (EEX) beamline, drive and witness beams with variable current profiles and bunch spacing can be produced. Presently at AWA, this transverse shaping is accomplished with individually laser-cut tungsten masks, making the refinement of beam profiles a slow process. In contrast, a multileaf collimator (MLC) is a device that can selectively mask the profile of a beam using many independently actuated leaves. Since an MLC permits real-time adjustment of the beam shape, its use as a beam mask would permit much faster optimization in a manner highly synergistic with machine learning. Beam dynamics simulations have shown that such an approach is functionally equivalent to that offered by the laser cut masks. In this work, the construction and first results from a 40-leaf, UHV compatible MLC are discussed.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA85  
About • Received ※ 16 July 2022 — Revised ※ 02 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 August 2022
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WEPA17 Improved Electrostatic Design of the Jefferson Lab 300 kV DC Photogun and the Minimization of Beam Deflection 655
 
  • M.A. Mamun, D.B. Bullard, J.M. Grames, C. Hernandez-Garcia, G.A. Krafft, M. Poelker, R. Suleiman
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • J.R. Delayen, G.A. Krafft, G.G. Palacios Serrano, S.A.K. Wijethunga
    ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
 
  Funding: This work is supported by the Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177, JSA initiatives fund program, and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program.
An electron beam with high bunch charge and high repetition rate is required for electron cooling of the ion beam to achieve the high luminosity required for the proposed electron-ion colliders. An improved design of the 300 kV DC high voltage photogun at Jefferson Lab was incorporated toward overcoming the beam loss and space charge current limitation experienced in the original design. To reach the bunch charge goal of ~ few nC within 75 ps bunches, the existing DC high voltage photogun electrodes and anode-cathode gap were modified to increase the longitudinal electric field (Ez) at the photocathode. The anode-cathode gap was reduced to increase the Ez at the photocathode, and the anode aperture was spatially shifted with respect to the beamline longitudinal axis to minimize the beam deflection introduced by the geometric asymmetry of the inverted insulator photogun. The electrostatic design and beam dynamics simulations were performed to determine the required modification. Beam-based measurement from the modified gun confirmed the reduction of the beam deflection, which is presented in this contribution.
 
poster icon Poster WEPA17 [2.973 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA17  
About • Received ※ 23 July 2022 — Revised ※ 28 July 2022 — Accepted ※ 05 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 August 2022
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WEPA42 A Modular X-Ray Detector for Beamline Diagnostics at LANL 725
 
  • P.M. Freeman, B. Odegard, R. Schmitz, D. Stuart, J. Yang
    UCSB, Santa Barbara, California, USA
  • J. Bohon, M.S. Gulley, E.-C. Huang, J. Smedley
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  • L. Malavasi
    WPI, Worcester, MA, USA
 
  An X-ray detector is being developed for diagnostic measurement and monitoring of the Drift Tube LINAC (DTL) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) at Los Alamos National Lab. The detector will consist of a row of x-ray spectrometers adjacent to the DTL that will measure the spectrum of X-rays resulting from bremsstrahlung of electrons created in vacuum by the RF. Each spectrometer will monitor a specific gap between drift tubes, and will consist of an array of scintillating crystals coupled to SiPMs read out with custom-built electronics. The spectrometer is designed with one LYSO and three NaI crystals. The LYSO provides a tagged gamma source with three peaks that are used for calibration of the NaI. A prototype of the spectrometer was tested at the LANSCE DTL to validate the feasibility of measuring gamma spectra and performing self-calibration in situ. A summary of test results with the LANSCE prototype will be presented, along with a detector system design that aims to be modular and inexpensive across all modules in the DTL. Plans for future development will be presented as well.  
poster icon Poster WEPA42 [1.308 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA42  
About • Received ※ 04 August 2022 — Revised ※ 06 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 09 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 August 2022
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WEPA44 Compact Inter-Undulator Diagnostic Assembly for TESSA-515 732
 
  • T.J. Hodgetts, R.B. Agustsson, Y.C. Chen, A.Y. Murokh, M. Ruelas
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
  • P.E. Denham, A.C. Fisher, J. Jin, P. Musumeci, Y. Park
    UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
 
  Funding: DOE grant DE-SC0009914, DE-SC0018559, and DE-SC0017102.
Beamline space is a very expensive and highly sought-after commodity, which makes the creation of compact integrated optics and diagnostics extremely valuable. The FAST- GREENS experimental program aims at demonstrating 10 % extraction efficiency from a relativistic electron beam using four helical undulators operating in the high gain TESSA regime. The inter-undulator gap needs to be as short as possible (17 cm in the current plans) to maximize the output power. Within this short distance, we needed to fit two focusing quadrupoles, a variable strength phase shifter, a transverse profile monitor consisting of a YAG-OTR combination for co-aligning the electron beam and laser, and an ion pump. By making the quadrupoles tunable with a variable gradient, in combination with vertical displacement, we can meet the optics requirements of matching the beam transversely to the natural focusing of the undulators. The two quadrupoles in conjunction with the electromagnetic dipole also serve as a phase shifter to realign the radiation and the bunching before each undulator section. This paper will discuss the mechanical design of this inter-undulator break section and its components.
 
poster icon Poster WEPA44 [0.752 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA44  
About • Received ※ 27 July 2022 — Revised ※ 03 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 08 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 August 2022
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WEPA45 Practical Review on Beam Line Commissioning Procedures and Techniques for Scientific and Industrial Electron Accelerators 735
 
  • M.O. Kravchenko, R.D. Berry, A. Diego, D.I. Gavryushkin, M. Ruelas
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
 
  Accelerator science has a constant demand requiring improved electron beam quality for both scientific and industrial applications. Examples of parameters on existing systems that affect overall beam quality include: vacuum stability, component level alignment, RF phase matching, electron injection parameters, etc. A proper beam commissioning process allows the characterization of initial parameters that tune system setup appropriately in order to improve net beam quality and becomes a valuable source of data to guide system operation. Here we will discuss methods and possible obstacles during the commissioning process of accelerator systems experienced at RadiaBeam. This includes a description of the diagnostic equipment that may be used to commission a beam line such as: current transformers, faraday cups, profile monitors and pyro detectors. The interpretation of raw data from the diagnostics in terms of usefulness for further adjustments and improvements on the beam line as shown in current work. Simulations and empirical comparisons are also presented as examples for commissioning procedures within the aspect of expectations and actual results.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA45  
About • Received ※ 30 July 2022 — Revised ※ 04 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 07 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 August 2022
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WEPA71 Unified Orbit Feedback at NSLS-II 795
 
  • Y. Hidaka, Y. Li, R.M. Smith, Y. Tian, G.M. Wang, X. Yang
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
 
  Funding: This work is supported by U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-SC0012704.
We have developed an orbit correction / feedback program to unify the existing orbit-related feedback systems for stable beam operation at NSLS-II. Until recently only a handful of beamlines have been benefiting from long-term orbit stability provided by a local bump agent program. To expand this to all the beamlines as well as correct more frequently, a new slow orbit feedback program called unified orbit feedback (UOFB) was written from scratch that works with the fast orbit feedback transparently, while accumulated fast corrector strength is continuously shifted to the slow correctors and RF frequency is adjusted for circumference change. UOFB can lock 3 different types of local bumps to the target offsets/angles for days: those for insertion device (ID) sources with only ID RF beam position monitors (BPM) or mixtures of ID RF BPMs and X-ray BPMs, and those for bending magnet sources with arc BPMs between which orbit correctors, dipoles and quadrupoles exist. Furthermore, this feed-back can accommodate beamline user requests to enable / disable the feedback loop for their beamline and to change bump target setpoints without turning off the loop.
 
poster icon Poster WEPA71 [2.541 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA71  
About • Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 09 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022
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THXD1
Machine Learning for Improved Accelerator Health and Reliability  
 
  • Y.A. Yucesan
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
 
  This talk will summarize the effort by the community in using machine learning for improved accelerator operations. This talk will also discuss efforts to implement a machine learning framework to improve accelerator reliability at the Spallation Neutron Source. It will describe new prognostics algorithms for detecting beam faults, classification of the fault sources, and efforts to integrate the algorithms into operations. it will also describe additional efforts to utilize ML for health and predictive prognostics on critical accelerator hardware and targets.  
slides icon Slides THXD1 [9.659 MB]  
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THXD2 6D Phase Space Diagnostics Based on Adaptive Tuning of the Latent Space of Encoder-Decoder Convolutional Neural Networks 837
 
  • A. Scheinker
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
 
  We present a general approach to 6D phase space diagnostics for charged particle beams based on adaptively tuning the low-dimensional latent space of generative encoder-decoder convolutional neural networks (CNN). Our approach first trains the CNN based on supervised learning to learn the correlations and physics constrains within a given accelerator system. The input of the CNN is a high dimensional collection of 2D phase space projections of the beam at the accelerator entrance together with a vector of accelerator parameters such as magnet and RF settings. The inputs are squeezed down to a low-dimensional latent space from which we generate the output in the form of projections of the beam’s 6D phase space at various accelerator locations. After training the CNN is applied in an unsupervised adaptive manner by comparing a subset of the output predictions to available measurements with the error guiding feedback directly in the low-dimensional latent space. We show that our approach is robust to unseen time-variation of the input beam and accelerator parameters and a study of the robustness of the method to go beyond the span of the training data.  
slides icon Slides THXD2 [19.086 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-THXD2  
About • Received ※ 18 July 2022 — Revised ※ 05 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 08 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 August 2022
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THXD3
Improved Multi-Dimensional Bunch Shape Monitor  
 
  • S.V. Kutsaev, R.B. Agustsson, A.C. Araujo Martinez, A. Moro, K.V. Taletski
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
  • A.V. Aleksandrov
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
 
  Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy , Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-SC0020590.
RadiaBeam is developing the Bunch Shape Monitor (BSM) with improved performance that incorporates three major innovations. First, the collection efficiency is improved by adding a focusing field between the wire and the entrance slit. Second, an improvement of the measurement speed is achieved by sampling longitudinal profiles of multiple energy slices simultaneously. Finally, the design is augmented with both a movable wire and a microwave deflecting cavity to add functionality and enable measuring the transverse profile as a wire scanner. In this paper we present the design of the BSM and its sub-systems as well as the initial test results of the new focusing system at SNS beamline.
 
slides icon Slides THXD3 [4.308 MB]  
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THXD4 Online Accelerator Tuning with Adaptive Bayesian Optimization 842
 
  • N. Kuklev, M. Borland, G.I. Fystro, H. Shang, Y. Sun
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: The work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Particle accelerators require continuous adjustment to maintain beam quality. At the Advanced Photon Source (APS) this is accomplished using a mix of operator-controlled and automated tools. To improve the latter, we explored the use of machine learning (ML) at the APS injector complex. The core approach we chose was Bayesian optimization (BO), which is well suited for sparse data tasks. To enable long-term online use, we modified BO into adaptive Bayesian optimization (ABO) though auxiliary models of device drift, physics-informed quality and constraint weights, time-biased data subsampling, digital twin retraining, and other approaches. ABO allowed for compensation of changes in inputs and objectives without discarding previous data. Benchmarks showed better ABO performance in several simulated and experimental cases. To integrate ABO into the operational workflow, we developed a Python command line utility, pysddsoptimize, that is compatible with existing Tcl/Tk tools and the SDDS data format. This allowed for fast implementation, debugging, and benchmarking. Our results are an encouraging step for the wider adoption of ML at APS.
 
slides icon Slides THXD4 [4.797 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-THXD4  
About • Received ※ 01 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 October 2022
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THXD5
Machine Learning-Based Tuning of Control Parameters for LLRF System of Superconducting Cavities  
 
  • J.A. Diaz Cruz, S. Biedron
    UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA
  • J.A. Diaz Cruz
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
 
  The multiple systems involved in the operation of particle accelerators use diverse control systems to reach the desired operating point for the machine. Each system needs to tune several control parameters to achieve the required performance. Low-Level RF (LLRF) systems can be implemented using proportional-integral (PI) feedback loops, whose gains need to be optimized. In this paper, we explore Machine Learning (ML) as a tool to improve a traditional LLRF controller by tuning its gains using a Neural Network(NN).  
slides icon Slides THXD5 [0.970 MB]  
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THXD6 A Quasi-Optical Beam Position Monitor 846
 
  • S.V. Kuzikov
    Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA
 
  There is a strong demand for non-destructive electron Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) for non-perturbative diagnostics of the electron beam position. Challenges are related to the shortness of the electron beam and the noisy chamber environment that are typical for modern RF-driven and plasma-driven accelerators. We propose using a pair of identical high-quality quasi-optical resonators attached to opposite sides of the beam pipe. The resonators can introduce Photonic Band Gap (BPM) structures. These open resonators sustain very low numbers of high-quality modes. We intend to operate at the lowest mode among the others that are capable of being excited by the bunches. The mentioned mode has a coupling coefficient with the beam that depends on the distance between the bunch and the coupling hole. The lower this distance, the higher the coupling. Therefore, comparing the pick-up signals of both resonators with an oscilloscope, we can determine the beam position.  
slides icon Slides THXD6 [3.745 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-THXD6  
About • Received ※ 25 July 2022 — Accepted ※ 06 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 September 2022  
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THZE1
Machine Learning-Based Longitudinal Phase Space Prediction of Particle Accelerators  
 
  • C. Emma
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
 
  The author would report on the application of machine learning (ML) methods for predicting the longitudinal phase space (LPS) distribution of particle accelerators. The approach consists of training a ML-based virtual diagnostic to predict the LPS using only nondestructive linac and e-beam measurements as inputs.  
slides icon Slides THZE1 [5.053 MB]  
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THZE2 Developing Control System Specifications and Requirements for Electron Ion Collider 901
 
  • A. Blednykh, D.M. Gassner
    Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
  • E.C. Aschenauer, P. Baxevanis, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Drees, T. Hayes, J.P. Jamilkowski, G.J. Marr, S. Nemesure, V. Schoefer, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, F.J. Willeke
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • L.R. Dalesio
    EPIC Consulting, Medford, New York, USA
 
  An Accelerator Research facility is a unique science and engineering challenge in that the requirements for developing a robust, optimized science facility are limited by engineering and cost limitations. Each facility is planned to achieve some science goal within a given schedule and budget and is then expected to operate for three decades. In three decades, the mechanical systems and the industrial IO to control them is not likely to change. In that same time, electronics will go through some 4 generations of change. The software that integrates the systems and provides tools for operations, automation, data analysis and machine studies will have many new standards. To help understand the process of designing and planning such a facility, we explain the specifications and requirements for the Electron Ion Collider (EIC) from both a physics and engineering perspective.  
slides icon Slides THZE2 [5.375 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-THZE2  
About • Received ※ 04 August 2022 — Revised ※ 10 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 September 2022
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THZE3 An Electrodeless Diamond Beam Monitor 904
 
  • S.V. Kuzikov, P.V. Avrakhov, C.-J. Jing, E.W. Knight
    Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA
  • D.S. Doran, C.-J. Jing, J.G. Power, E.E. Wisniewski
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  • C.-J. Jing
    Euclid Beamlabs, Bolingbrook, USA
 
  Funding: The work was supported by DoE SBIR grant #DE-SC0019642.
Being a wide-band semiconductor, diamond can be used to measure the flux of passing particles based on a particle-induced conductivity effect. We recently demonstrated a diamond electrodeless electron beam halo monitor. That monitor was based on a thin piece of diamond (blade) placed in an open high-quality microwave resonator. The blade partially intercepted the beam. By measuring the change in RF properties of the resonator, one could infer the beam parameters. At Argonne Wakefield Accelerator we have tested 1D and 2D monitors. To enhance the sensitivity of our diamond sensor, we proposed applying a bias voltage to the diamond which can sustain the avalanche of free carriers. In experiment carried out with 120 kV, ~1 µA beam we showed that the response signal for the avalanche monitor biased with up to 5 kV voltage can be up to 100 times larger in comparison with the signal of the same non-biased device.
 
slides icon Slides THZE3 [4.257 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-THZE3  
About • Received ※ 20 July 2022 — Revised ※ 28 July 2022 — Accepted ※ 06 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 August 2022
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THZE4 Experimental Characterization of Gas Sheet Transverse Profile Diagnostic 907
 
  • N. Burger, G. Andonian, D.I. Gavryushkin, T.J. Hodgetts, A.-L.M.S. Lamure, M. Ruelas
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
  • N.M. Cook, A. Diaw
    RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  • P.E. Denham, P. Musumeci, A. Ody
    UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
  • N.P. Norvell
    UCSC, Santa Cruz, California, USA
  • C.P. Welsch, M. Yadav
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
 
  Transverse profile diagnostics for high-intensity beams require solutions that are non-intercepting and single-shot. In this paper, we describe a gas-sheet ionization diagnostic that employs a precision-shaped, neutral gas jet. As the high-intensity beam passes through the gas sheet, neutral particles are ionized. The ionization products are transported and imaged on a detector. A neural-network based reconstruction algorithm, trained on simulation data, then outputs the initial transverse conditions of the beam prior to ionization. The diagnostic is also adaptable to image the photons from recombination. Preliminary tests at low energy are presented to characterize the working principle of the instrument, including comparisons to existing diagnostics. The results are parametrized as a function of beam charge, spot size, and bunch length.  
slides icon Slides THZE4 [2.051 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-THZE4  
About • Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 09 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 October 2022
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THZE5
Recent Developments of the Soft X-ray Beam Position Monitor Project  
 
  • B. Podobedov, D.M. Bacescu, C. Eng, S. Hulbert, C. Mazzoli, C.S. Nelson
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • D. Donetski, K. Kucharczyk, J. Liu, R. Lutchman
    Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
A novel soft X-ray BPM (sXBPM) for high-power white beams of undulator radiation is being developed through a joint effort of BNL/NSLS-II and Stony Brook University. In our approach, custom-made multi-pixel GaAs detector arrays are placed into the outer portions of the x-ray beam, and the beam position is inferred from the pixel photocurrents. In this paper, we present a brief overview and the most recent developments in our project. To date, the mechanical design of the system is completed and most of the vacuum and mechanical components have been installed into the 23-ID canted undulator beamline first optical enclosure. The remainder of the system, including the detector arrays, are being installed during the upcoming NSLS-II machine shutdown. The GaAs detectors have been designed, fabricated, and tested in the visible range with a high-power Ar-ion laser as well as in the soft and hard x-ray regions at two NSLS-II beamlines.
 
slides icon Slides THZE5 [5.884 MB]  
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THZE6
A Time-Resolved Beam Halo Monitor for Accelerator Beam Diagnostics Using Diamond Detectors and High Speed Digitizers  
 
  • I.S. Mostafanezhad, K.T. Flood, L.M. Macchiarulo, B. Rotter
    Nalu Scientific, LLC, Honolulu, USA
  • J. Bohon
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • E.M. Muller
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • J. Smedley
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  • J. Smedley
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
 
  We will describe the development and prospects for the Time-Resolved Beam Halo Monitor (TR-BHM) along with results from initial beam tests. The TR-BHM is a detector system for measuring and characterizing the spatial and temporal structure of particle halos accompanying accelerated particle bunches utilizing diamond strip detectors read out by system-on-chip (SoC) high-speed waveform digitizers developed by Nalu Scientific LLC (NSL). It will provide a powerful non-destructive in-situ beam diagnostic detector for real-time measurements and control of beam parameters for the next generation of light sources. The theory, detection methodology, and instrumentation will be discussed, as well as measurement results from full-system x-ray beam calibration tests and preparations for an upcoming prototype installation at FACET.  
slides icon Slides THZE6 [9.370 MB]  
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