NAPAC2022 - List of Keywords (target)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOODE1	Applications of Particle Accelerators	linac, electron, site, neutron	1
	M. Uesaka JAEC, Tokyo, Japan
	Applications of particle accelerators amid global policies of carbon neutrality and economic security. are reviewed. Downsizing of high energy large scaled accelerators by advanced technologies enables a variety of medical and industrial uses. One of the highlights is upgrade of sustainable supply chain of medical radioisotopes by the best mix of research reactors and accelerators. 99Mo/99mTc for diagnosis are going to be produced by low enriched U reactor and proton-cyclotron, electron rhodotron and electron linac. Moreover, the theranostics by 177Lu (beta) and 211At/225Ac (alpha) are going to be realized. Proton-cyclotron and electron linac are expected to produce them soon. This new affordable radiation therapy should play an important role in the IAEA project of Rays of Hopes. Next, proof-of-principle trails of on-site bridge inspection of the portable X-band (9.3 GHz) electron linac X-ray/neutron sources are under way. The technical guideline for the practical inspection is to be formed in a couple of years. Ultimate micro-accelerator for microbeam applications is dielectric laser accelerator, such as ACHIP project. Updated projects and results are also introduced.
	Slides MOODE1 [3.065 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOODE1
About •	Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 09 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 August 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOYD3	EIC Transverse Emittance Growth Due to Crab Cavity RF Noise: Estimates and Mitigation	cavity, emittance, feedback, simulation	6
	T. Mastoridis, P. Fuller, P. Mahvi, Y. Matsumura CalPoly, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
	Funding: This work is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under Award Number DE-SC-0019287. The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) requires crab cavities to compensate for a 25 mrad crossing angle and achieve maximum luminosity. The crab cavity Radio Frequency (RF) system will inject low levels of noise to the crabbing field, generating transverse emittance growth and potentially limiting luminosity lifetime. In this work, we estimate the transverse emittance growth rate as a function of the Crab Cavity RF noise and quantify RF noise specifications for reasonable performance. Finally, we evaluate the possible mitigation of the RF noise induced emittance growth via a dedicated feedback system.
	Slides MOYD3 [0.223 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOYD3
About •	Received ※ 28 July 2022 — Revised ※ 01 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 07 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPA08	Beamline Optimization Methods for High Intensity Muon Beams at PSI	dipole, experiment, quadrupole, solenoid	63
	E.V. Valetov PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 884104 (PSI-FELLOW-III-3i). We perform beamline design optimization for the High Intensity Muon Beams (HIMB) project at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), which will deliver muon beams at the unprecedented rate of 1·10¹⁰ muons/s to next-generation intensity frontier particle physics and material science experiments. For optimization of the design and operational parameters to maximize the beamline transmission, we use the asynchronous Bayesian optimization package DeepHyper and a custom build of G4beamline with variance reduction and measured cross sections. We minimize the beam spot size at the final foci using a COSY INFINITY model with differential-algebraic system knobs, where we minimize the respective transfer map elements using the Levenberg-Marquardt and simulated annealing optimizers. We obtained a transmission of 1.34·10¹⁰ muons/s in a G4beamline model of HIMB’s MUH2 beamline into the experimental area.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA08
About •	Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 August 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPA14	A Wide Dynamic-Range Halo Monitor for 8 GeV Proton Beams at FNAL	proton, beam-transport, operation, photon	75
	Y. Hashimoto, C. Ohmori, T. Sasaki, M. Tejima, T. Toyama, M. Uota KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan R. Ainsworth Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA H. Sakai Mitsubishi Electric System & Service Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan Y. Sato J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	Funding: Foundation: U.S.-Japan Science and Technology Cooperation Program in High Energy Physics. Eliminating harmful beam halos is the most important technique for high-intensity proton accelerators. Therefore, beam halo diagnosis is indispensable and becomes more and more important. At J-PARC, a wide dynamic range monitor was installed in the beam transport line in 2012. The device is a two-dimensional beam profile monitor [, ], and it has a dynamic range of approximately six digits of magnitude by using Optical Transition Radiation and fluorescence screens. The FNAL accelerator complex has been upgrading through increased beam intensity and beam quality. A new beam halo diagnostic device is required in the beam transport line between the booster and recycler. It will be manufactured in a collaboration between J-PARC and FNAL as a part of the U.S.-Japan Science and Technology Cooperation Program in High Energy Physics. We are redesigning the monitor to satisfy FNAL specifications for beam energy, intensity, and size. The equipment will be manufactured at J-PARC and then shipped to FNAL in 2024. In this report, the design of the device will be described. https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/IBIC2013/papers/tucl2.pdf ** http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/HB2014/papers/tuo2ab04.pdf
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA14
About •	Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 07 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPA62	High Quality Conformal Coatings on Accelerator Components via Novel Radial Magnetron with High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering	GUI, niobium, plasma, SRF	182
	W.M. Huber, I. Haehnlein, T.J. Houlahan, B.E. Jurczyk, A.S. Morrice, R.A. Stubbers Starfire Industries LLC, Champaign, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Award Numbers DE-SC0019784 and DE-SC0020481. In this work, we present two configurations of a novel radial magnetron design that are suitable for coating the complex inner surfaces of a variety of modern particle accelerator components. These devices have been used in conjunction with high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) to deposit copper and niobium films onto the inner surfaces of bellows assemblies, waveguides, and SRF cavities. These films, with thicknesses of up to 3 µm and 40 µm for niobium and copper, respectively, have been shown to be conformal, adherent, and conductive. In the case of copper, the post-bake RRR values of the resulting films are well within the range specified for electroplating of the LCLS-II bellows and CEBAF waveguide assemblies. In addition to requiring no chemical processing beyond a detergent rinse and solvent degrease, this magnetron design exhibits over 80% target material utilization. Further, in the case of niobium, an enhancement in RRR over that of the bulk (target) material has been observed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA62
About •	Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 05 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 09 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 August 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPA63	Multiphysics Simulation of the Thermal Response of a Nanofibrous Target in a High-Intensity Beam	simulation, experiment, radiation, proton	185
	W.J. Asztalos IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA S.K. Bidhar, F. Pellemoine Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA P. Rath IIT Bhubaneswar, Jatni, India Y. Torun Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illlinois, USA
	Nanofibrous structures are of high interest to the fields of engineering and materials science, and investigation of their properties as well as discovery of novel applications for them both constitute lively areas of research. A very promising application of nanofiber mats lies in the field of accelerator technology: beam targets made from nanofiber mats offer a solution to the problem of advancing the "intensity frontier"–-the limit on the beam intensities that can be realized in fixed target experiments and neutrino production facilities. However, testing has shown that the survivability of these nanofiber targets depends strongly on their manufacturing parameters, such as the packing density of fibers. In this work, we will use multiphysics simulations to perform a thermal study on how nanofiber targets react to high intensity beams, so that the dependency of the targets’ lifetime on their construction parameters can be better understood.
	Poster MOPA63 [3.656 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA63
About •	Received ※ 14 July 2022 — Revised ※ 02 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 August 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPA66	Hadron Monitor Calibration System for NuMI	hadron, controls, software, proton	193
	N.L. Muldrow IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA P. Snopok Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illlinois, USA K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: CAST Fellowship NuMI (Neutrinos at Main Injector) beamline at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory provides neutrinos to various neutrino experiments. The hadron monitor consisting of a 5 by 5 array of ionization chambers is part of the diagnostics for the beamline. In order to calibrate the hadron monitor, a gamma source is needed. We present the status and progress of the development of the calibration system for the hadron monitor. The system based on Raspberry Pi controlled CNC system, motors, and position sensors would allow us to place the gamma source precisely to calibrate the signal gain of individual pixels. The ultimate outcome of the study is a prototype of the calibration system.
	Poster MOPA66 [2.300 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA66
About •	Received ※ 18 July 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPA75	Machine Learning for Slow Spill Regulation in the Fermilab Delivery Ring for Mu2e	controls, extraction, quadrupole, experiment	214
	A. Narayanan Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA J.M.S. Arnold, M.R. Austin, J.R. Berlioz, P.M. Hanlet, K.J. Hazelwood, M.A. Ibrahim, V.P. Nagaslaev, D.J. Nicklaus, G. Pradhan, P.S. Prieto, A.L. Saewert, B.A. Schupbach, K. Seiya, R.M. Thurman-Keup, N.V. Tran Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA J. Jiang, H. Liu, S. Memik, R. Shi, M. Thieme, D. Ulusel Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work done partly (READS) collaboration at Fermilab (Grant Award No. LAB 20-2261). Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. A third-integer resonant slow extraction system is being developed for the Fermilab’s Delivery Ring to deliver protons to the Mu2e experiment. During a slow extraction process, the beam on target is liable to experience small intensity variations due to many factors. Owing to the experiment’s strict requirements in the quality of the spill, a Spill Regulation System (SRS) is currently under design. The SRS primarily consists of three components - slow regulation, fast regulation, and harmonic content tracker. In this presentation, we shall present the investigations of using Machine Learning (ML) in the fast regulation system, including further optimizations of PID controller gains for the fast regulation, prospects of an ML agent completely replacing the PID controller using supervised learning schemes such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) ML models, the simulated impact and limitation of machine response characteristics on the effectiveness of both PID and ML regulation of the spill. We also present here nascent results of Reinforcement Learning efforts, including continuous-action soft actor-critic methods, to regulate the spill rate.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA75
About •	Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 18 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUXD3	Production Pathways for Medically Interesting Isotopes	radiation, proton, neutron, isotope-production	271
	L. Rosado Del Rio University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico L.F. Dabill Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, USA A. Hutton JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: LR was supported by the U.S. NSF REU at Old Dominion University Grant No. 1950141. AH was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 Radioisotopes are commonly used in nuclear medicine for treating cancer and new, more effective treatment options are always desired. As a result, there is a national need for new radioisotopes and ways to produce them. A computer program was created that evaluates the daughters for all known reactions of projectiles (gamma rays, protons or neutrons) with every stable target isotope by comparing the cross-sections for each reaction at a desired energy, and outputs a list of the potential daughter isotopes that are most likely to be generated. The program then evaluates the decay chains of these daughters to provide a list of the possible decay chains that contain the radioisotope of interest. By knowing the daughter production and decay chain for each isotope, it is possible to go from the desired radioisotope to the stable isotope that can be used as a target for its production. This project would facilitate the search for new pathways to creating useful theranostic isotopes.
	Slides TUXD3 [0.591 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUXD3
About •	Received ※ 17 July 2022 — Revised ※ 01 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 August 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUXD4	Analysis Methods for Electron Radiography Based on Laser-Plasma Accelerators	laser, electron, plasma, experiment	274
	G.M. Bruhaug, G.W. Collins, H.G. Rinderknecht, J.R. Rygg, J.L. Shaw, M.S. Wei LLE, Rochester, New York, USA M.S. Freeman, F.E. Merrill, L.P. Neukirch, C. Wilde LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0003856 DOE under Awards DE-SC00215057 University of Rochester New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Analysis methods are presented for determining the res-olution of both contact and projected electron radiography based on a laser-plasma accelerator. A means to determine the field strength of the electric/magnetic fields generated when a laser is incident on an object of interest is also outlined. Broad radiography results are reported and future plans for the diagnostic technique are outlined.
	Slides TUXD4 [12.157 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUXD4
About •	Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 04 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 06 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPA09	Designing Accelerator-Driven Experiments for Accelerator-Driven Reactors	neutron, experiment, site, operation	360
	M.A. Cummings, R.J. Abrams, R.P. Johnson, J.D. Lobo, T.J. Roberts Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
	Muons, Inc., with its collaborators, to the best of our knowledge is the only one of the several reactor concept companies in the US that is concentrating on an accelerator-driven subcritical high-power reactor design. The major objection to such systems has been that short interruptions of beam of even a few seconds would turn off fission power long enough to induce temperature-gradient shocks and subsequent fatigue of solid fuel elements. MuSTAR solves this problem by using a molten-salt fuel. MuSTAR is a reactor design that not only includes a particle accelerator as an integral part, but has several innovative features that make it a compelling solution to many problems. We note that the ADSR concepts being pursued by the Chinese Academy of Science (ADANES) and the Belgians (MYRRHA) are based on traditional solid fuel elements and require exceptional stability from their accelerator.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA09
About •	Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 05 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 08 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEYD6	Design of a PIP-II Era Mu2e Experiment	proton, solenoid, experiment, collider	568
	M.A. Cummings, R.J. Abrams, R.P. Johnson, T.J. Roberts Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	We propose a design of an upgraded Mu2e experiment for the future Fermilab PIP-II era based on the muon collider front end. The consensus is that such an upgrade should provide a factor of 10 increase in the rate of stopping muons in the experimental target. The current Mu2e design is optimized for 8 kW of protons at 8 GeV. The PIP-II upgrade project is a 250-meter-long CW linac capable of accelerating a 2-mA proton beam to a kinetic energy of 800 MeV (total power 1.6 MW). This would significantly improve the Fermilab proton source to enable next-generation intensity frontier experiments. But using this 800 MeV beam poses challenges to the Mu2E experiment. Bright muon beams generated from sources designed for muon collider and neutrino factory facilities have been shown to generate two orders of magnitude more muons per proton than the current Mu2e production target and solenoid. In contrast to the current Mu2e, the muon collider design has forward-production of muons from the target.
	Slides WEYD6 [1.937 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEYD6
About •	Received ※ 06 August 2022 — Revised ※ 11 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPA30	Nb₃Sn Coating of a 2.6 GHz SRF Cavity by Sputter Deposition Technique	cavity, SRF, site, plasma	691
	M.S. Shakel, W. Cao, H. Elsayed-Ali, Md.N. Sayeed ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA G.V. Eremeev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA U. Pudasaini, A-M. Valente-Feliciano JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Supported by DOE, Office of Accelerator R&D and Production, Contact No. DE-SC0022284, with partial support by DOE, Office of Nuclear Physics DE-AC05-06OR23177, Early Career Award to G. Eremeev. Nb₃Sn is of interest as a coating for SRF cavities due to its higher transition temperature Tc ~18.3 K and superheating field Hsh ~400 mT, both are twice that of Nb. Nb₃Sn coated cavities can achieve high-quality factors at 4 K and can replace the bulk Nb cavities operated at 2 K. A cylindrical magnetron sputtering system was built, commissioned, and used to deposit Nb₃Sn on the inner surface of a 2.6 GHz single-cell Nb cavity. With two identical cylindrical magnetrons, this system can coat a cavity with high symmetry and uniform thickness. Using Nb-Sn multilayer sequential sputtering followed by annealing at 950°C for 3 hours, polycrystalline Nb₃Sn films were first deposited at the equivalent positions of the cavity’s beam tubes and equator. The film’s composition, crystal structure, and morphology were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. The Tc of the films was measured by the four-point probe method and was 17.61 to 17.76 K. Based on these studies, ~1.2 micron thick Nb₃Sn was deposited inside a 2.6 GHz Nb cavity. We will discuss first results from samples and cavity coatings, and the status of the coating system.
	Poster WEPA30 [1.769 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA30
About •	Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 August 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPA32	Spallation Neutron Source Cryogenic Moderator System Helium Gas Analysis System	cryogenics, MMI, neutron, operation	699
	B. DeGraff, L. Pinion ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA R. Armstrong, J. Denison, M.P. Howell, S.-H. Kim, D. Montierth ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA M.D. Williamson LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by SNS through UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. DOE. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) operates the Cryogenic Moderator System (CMS). The CMS comprises a 20-K helium refrigerator and three helium to hydrogen heat exchangers in support of hydrogen cooled spallation moderation vessels. This system uses vessels filled with activated carbon as the final major component to remove oil vapor from the compressed helium in the cryogenic cold box. SNS uses a LINDE multi-component gas analyzer to detect the presence of contaminants in the warm helium flow upstream of the cold box including aerosolized oil vapor. The design challenges of installing and operating this analyzer on the CMS system due to normal system operating pressures will be discussed. The design, fabrication, installation, commissioning, and initial results of this system operation will be presented. Future upgrades to the analyzer system will also be discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA32
About •	Received ※ 06 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPA37	Benchmarking and Exploring Parameter Space of the 2-Phase Bubble Tracking Model for Liquid Mercury Target Simulation	simulation, neutron, experiment, injection	711
	L. Lin, M.I. Radaideh, H. Tran, D.E. Winder ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: This project was funded by the U.S. DOE under grant DE-SC0009915. High intensity proton pulses strike the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)’s mercury target to provide bright neutron beams. These strikes deposit extensive energy into the mercury and its steel vessel. Prediction of the resultant loading on the target is difficult when helium gas is intentionally injected into the mercury to reduce the loading and to mitigate the pitting damage on the vessel. A 2-phase material model that incorporates the Rayleigh-Plesset (R-P) model is expected to address this complex multi-physics dynamics problem by including the bubble dynamics in the liquid mercury. We present a study comparing the measured target strains in the SNS target station with the simulation results of the solid mechanics simulation framework. We investigate a wide range of various physical model parameters, including the number of bubble families, bubble size distribution, viscosity, surface tension, etc. to understand their impact on simulation accuracy. Our initial findings reveal that using 8-10 bubble families in the model renders a simulation strain envelope that covers the experimental ones. Further optimization studies are planned to predict the strain response more accurately.
	Poster WEPA37 [1.985 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA37
About •	Received ※ 27 July 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPA41	Maximizing Output of 3 MeV S-band Industrial Accelerator	gun, ECR, simulation, high-voltage	723
	D. Fischer, M. Denney, A.V. Mishin, S. Proskin, J. Roylance, L. Young Varex Imaging, Salt Lake City, USA
	Earlier, we have reported on a record-breaking 3-MeV Accelerator Beam Centerline (ABC) built in 2017-2018. An upgraded version of this 3-MeV S-band ABC has been developed at Varex Imaging as a key component for one of the most popular X-ray industrial linear accelerator systems, commonly used for security and NDT applications. Being significantly strained by excessive backstreaming, increasing of the ABC output is a challenging task. We describe these challenges and highlight high power test results. The triode gun and structure design improvements allowed us to raise stable output up to 530 Rad/min/1m at 3 MeV and up to 220 Rad/min/1m at 4.5 MeV with a widely available 2.5-MW/2.7-kW magnetron, while maintaining the spot size at 2 mm.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA41
About •	Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPA43	Self-Contained Linac Irradiator for the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)	electron, linac, simulation, quadrupole	728
	A. Diego, R.B. Agustsson, R.D. Berry, S. Boucher, O. Chimalpopoca, S.V. Kutsaev, A.Yu. Smirnov, V.S. Yu RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA S.J. Coleman RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
	Funding: This work was financed by the US department of energy SBIR grant no. DE- SC0020010. A 3-MeV X-band linac has been developed employing a cost-effective split structure design in order to replace radioactive isotope irradiators currently used for the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and other applications. The penetration of a Co-60 irradiator can be matched with Bremsstrahlung produced by a 3-MeV electron beam. The use of electron accelerators eliminates security risks and hazards inherent with radioactive sources. We present the current state of this X-band split structure linac and the rest of the irradiator system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA43
About •	Received ※ 04 August 2022 — Revised ※ 06 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPA71	Unified Orbit Feedback at NSLS-II	feedback, operation, quadrupole, photon	795
	Y. Hidaka, Y. Li, R.M. Smith, Y. Tian, G.M. Wang, X. Yang BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-SC0012704. We have developed an orbit correction / feedback program to unify the existing orbit-related feedback systems for stable beam operation at NSLS-II. Until recently only a handful of beamlines have been benefiting from long-term orbit stability provided by a local bump agent program. To expand this to all the beamlines as well as correct more frequently, a new slow orbit feedback program called unified orbit feedback (UOFB) was written from scratch that works with the fast orbit feedback transparently, while accumulated fast corrector strength is continuously shifted to the slow correctors and RF frequency is adjusted for circumference change. UOFB can lock 3 different types of local bumps to the target offsets/angles for days: those for insertion device (ID) sources with only ID RF beam position monitors (BPM) or mixtures of ID RF BPMs and X-ray BPMs, and those for bending magnet sources with arc BPMs between which orbit correctors, dipoles and quadrupoles exist. Furthermore, this feed-back can accommodate beamline user requests to enable / disable the feedback loop for their beamline and to change bump target setpoints without turning off the loop.
	Poster WEPA71 [2.541 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA71
About •	Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 09 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THYD4	Progress on the APS-U Injector Upgrade	booster, injection, simulation, storage-ring	859
	J.R. Calvey, T. Fors, K.C. Harkay, U. Wienands ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. For the APS-Upgrade, it was decided to leave the present APS injector chain in place and make individual improvements where needed. The main challenges faced by the injectors are delivering a high charge bunch (up to 16 nC in a single shot) to the storage ring, operating the booster synchrotron and storage ring at different rf frequencies, and maintaining good charge stability during APS-U operations. This paper will summarize recent progress on the injector upgrade. Topics include bucket targeting with the new injection/extraction timing system (IETS), modeling of high charge longitudinal instability in the PAR, and measurements of charge stability for different modes of operation.
	Slides THYD4 [2.015 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-THYD4
About •	Received ※ 19 July 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 August 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOODE1

Applications of Particle Accelerators

linac, electron, site, neutron

1

M. Uesaka
JAEC, Tokyo, Japan

Applications of particle accelerators amid global policies of carbon neutrality and economic security. are reviewed. Downsizing of high energy large scaled accelerators by advanced technologies enables a variety of medical and industrial uses. One of the highlights is upgrade of sustainable supply chain of medical radioisotopes by the best mix of research reactors and accelerators. 99Mo/99mTc for diagnosis are going to be produced by low enriched U reactor and proton-cyclotron, electron rhodotron and electron linac. Moreover, the theranostics by 177Lu (beta) and 211At/225Ac (alpha) are going to be realized. Proton-cyclotron and electron linac are expected to produce them soon. This new affordable radiation therapy should play an important role in the IAEA project of Rays of Hopes. Next, proof-of-principle trails of on-site bridge inspection of the portable X-band (9.3 GHz) electron linac X-ray/neutron sources are under way. The technical guideline for the practical inspection is to be formed in a couple of years. Ultimate micro-accelerator for microbeam applications is dielectric laser accelerator, such as ACHIP project. Updated projects and results are also introduced.

Slides MOODE1 [3.065 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOODE1

About •

Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 09 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 10 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 August 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOYD3

EIC Transverse Emittance Growth Due to Crab Cavity RF Noise: Estimates and Mitigation

cavity, emittance, feedback, simulation

6

T. Mastoridis, P. Fuller, P. Mahvi, Y. Matsumura
CalPoly, San Luis Obispo, California, USA

Funding: This work is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under Award Number DE-SC-0019287.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) requires crab cavities to compensate for a 25 mrad crossing angle and achieve maximum luminosity. The crab cavity Radio Frequency (RF) system will inject low levels of noise to the crabbing field, generating transverse emittance growth and potentially limiting luminosity lifetime. In this work, we estimate the transverse emittance growth rate as a function of the Crab Cavity RF noise and quantify RF noise specifications for reasonable performance. Finally, we evaluate the possible mitigation of the RF noise induced emittance growth via a dedicated feedback system.

Slides MOYD3 [0.223 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOYD3

About •

Received ※ 28 July 2022 — Revised ※ 01 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 07 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPA08

Beamline Optimization Methods for High Intensity Muon Beams at PSI

dipole, experiment, quadrupole, solenoid

63

E.V. Valetov
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 884104 (PSI-FELLOW-III-3i).
We perform beamline design optimization for the High Intensity Muon Beams (HIMB) project at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), which will deliver muon beams at the unprecedented rate of 1·10¹⁰ muons/s to next-generation intensity frontier particle physics and material science experiments. For optimization of the design and operational parameters to maximize the beamline transmission, we use the asynchronous Bayesian optimization package DeepHyper and a custom build of G4beamline with variance reduction and measured cross sections. We minimize the beam spot size at the final foci using a COSY INFINITY model with differential-algebraic system knobs, where we minimize the respective transfer map elements using the Levenberg-Marquardt and simulated annealing optimizers. We obtained a transmission of 1.34·10¹⁰ muons/s in a G4beamline model of HIMB’s MUH2 beamline into the experimental area.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA08

About •

Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 August 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPA14

A Wide Dynamic-Range Halo Monitor for 8 GeV Proton Beams at FNAL

proton, beam-transport, operation, photon

75

Y. Hashimoto, C. Ohmori, T. Sasaki, M. Tejima, T. Toyama, M. Uota
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
R. Ainsworth
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
H. Sakai
Mitsubishi Electric System & Service Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
Y. Sato
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

Funding: Foundation: U.S.-Japan Science and Technology Cooperation Program in High Energy Physics.
Eliminating harmful beam halos is the most important technique for high-intensity proton accelerators. Therefore, beam halo diagnosis is indispensable and becomes more and more important. At J-PARC, a wide dynamic range monitor was installed in the beam transport line in 2012. The device is a two-dimensional beam profile monitor [*, **], and it has a dynamic range of approximately six digits of magnitude by using Optical Transition Radiation and fluorescence screens. The FNAL accelerator complex has been upgrading through increased beam intensity and beam quality. A new beam halo diagnostic device is required in the beam transport line between the booster and recycler. It will be manufactured in a collaboration between J-PARC and FNAL as a part of the U.S.-Japan Science and Technology Cooperation Program in High Energy Physics. We are redesigning the monitor to satisfy FNAL specifications for beam energy, intensity, and size. The equipment will be manufactured at J-PARC and then shipped to FNAL in 2024. In this report, the design of the device will be described.
* https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/IBIC2013/papers/tucl2.pdf
** http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/HB2014/papers/tuo2ab04.pdf

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA14

About •

Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 07 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPA62

High Quality Conformal Coatings on Accelerator Components via Novel Radial Magnetron with High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering

GUI, niobium, plasma, SRF

182

W.M. Huber, I. Haehnlein, T.J. Houlahan, B.E. Jurczyk, A.S. Morrice, R.A. Stubbers
Starfire Industries LLC, Champaign, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Award Numbers DE-SC0019784 and DE-SC0020481.
In this work, we present two configurations of a novel radial magnetron design that are suitable for coating the complex inner surfaces of a variety of modern particle accelerator components. These devices have been used in conjunction with high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) to deposit copper and niobium films onto the inner surfaces of bellows assemblies, waveguides, and SRF cavities. These films, with thicknesses of up to 3 µm and 40 µm for niobium and copper, respectively, have been shown to be conformal, adherent, and conductive. In the case of copper, the post-bake RRR values of the resulting films are well within the range specified for electroplating of the LCLS-II bellows and CEBAF waveguide assemblies. In addition to requiring no chemical processing beyond a detergent rinse and solvent degrease, this magnetron design exhibits over 80% target material utilization. Further, in the case of niobium, an enhancement in RRR over that of the bulk (target) material has been observed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA62

About •

Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 05 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 09 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 August 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPA63

Multiphysics Simulation of the Thermal Response of a Nanofibrous Target in a High-Intensity Beam

simulation, experiment, radiation, proton

185

W.J. Asztalos
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
S.K. Bidhar, F. Pellemoine
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
P. Rath
IIT Bhubaneswar, Jatni, India
Y. Torun
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illlinois, USA

Nanofibrous structures are of high interest to the fields of engineering and materials science, and investigation of their properties as well as discovery of novel applications for them both constitute lively areas of research. A very promising application of nanofiber mats lies in the field of accelerator technology: beam targets made from nanofiber mats offer a solution to the problem of advancing the "intensity frontier"–-the limit on the beam intensities that can be realized in fixed target experiments and neutrino production facilities. However, testing has shown that the survivability of these nanofiber targets depends strongly on their manufacturing parameters, such as the packing density of fibers. In this work, we will use multiphysics simulations to perform a thermal study on how nanofiber targets react to high intensity beams, so that the dependency of the targets’ lifetime on their construction parameters can be better understood.

Poster MOPA63 [3.656 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA63

About •

Received ※ 14 July 2022 — Revised ※ 02 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 August 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPA66

Hadron Monitor Calibration System for NuMI

hadron, controls, software, proton

193

N.L. Muldrow
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
P. Snopok
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illlinois, USA
K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: CAST Fellowship
NuMI (Neutrinos at Main Injector) beamline at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory provides neutrinos to various neutrino experiments. The hadron monitor consisting of a 5 by 5 array of ionization chambers is part of the diagnostics for the beamline. In order to calibrate the hadron monitor, a gamma source is needed. We present the status and progress of the development of the calibration system for the hadron monitor. The system based on Raspberry Pi controlled CNC system, motors, and position sensors would allow us to place the gamma source precisely to calibrate the signal gain of individual pixels. The ultimate outcome of the study is a prototype of the calibration system.

Poster MOPA66 [2.300 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA66

About •

Received ※ 18 July 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPA75

Machine Learning for Slow Spill Regulation in the Fermilab Delivery Ring for Mu2e

controls, extraction, quadrupole, experiment

214

A. Narayanan
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
J.M.S. Arnold, M.R. Austin, J.R. Berlioz, P.M. Hanlet, K.J. Hazelwood, M.A. Ibrahim, V.P. Nagaslaev, D.J. Nicklaus, G. Pradhan, P.S. Prieto, A.L. Saewert, B.A. Schupbach, K. Seiya, R.M. Thurman-Keup, N.V. Tran
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
J. Jiang, H. Liu, S. Memik, R. Shi, M. Thieme, D. Ulusel
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work done partly (READS) collaboration at Fermilab (Grant Award No. LAB 20-2261). Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
A third-integer resonant slow extraction system is being developed for the Fermilab’s Delivery Ring to deliver protons to the Mu2e experiment. During a slow extraction process, the beam on target is liable to experience small intensity variations due to many factors. Owing to the experiment’s strict requirements in the quality of the spill, a Spill Regulation System (SRS) is currently under design. The SRS primarily consists of three components - slow regulation, fast regulation, and harmonic content tracker. In this presentation, we shall present the investigations of using Machine Learning (ML) in the fast regulation system, including further optimizations of PID controller gains for the fast regulation, prospects of an ML agent completely replacing the PID controller using supervised learning schemes such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) ML models, the simulated impact and limitation of machine response characteristics on the effectiveness of both PID and ML regulation of the spill. We also present here nascent results of Reinforcement Learning efforts, including continuous-action soft actor-critic methods, to regulate the spill rate.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-MOPA75

About •

Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 18 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUXD3

Production Pathways for Medically Interesting Isotopes

radiation, proton, neutron, isotope-production

271

L. Rosado Del Rio
University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
L.F. Dabill
Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, USA
A. Hutton
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: LR was supported by the U.S. NSF REU at Old Dominion University Grant No. 1950141. AH was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177
Radioisotopes are commonly used in nuclear medicine for treating cancer and new, more effective treatment options are always desired. As a result, there is a national need for new radioisotopes and ways to produce them. A computer program was created that evaluates the daughters for all known reactions of projectiles (gamma rays, protons or neutrons) with every stable target isotope by comparing the cross-sections for each reaction at a desired energy, and outputs a list of the potential daughter isotopes that are most likely to be generated. The program then evaluates the decay chains of these daughters to provide a list of the possible decay chains that contain the radioisotope of interest. By knowing the daughter production and decay chain for each isotope, it is possible to go from the desired radioisotope to the stable isotope that can be used as a target for its production. This project would facilitate the search for new pathways to creating useful theranostic isotopes.

Slides TUXD3 [0.591 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUXD3

About •

Received ※ 17 July 2022 — Revised ※ 01 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 25 August 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUXD4

Analysis Methods for Electron Radiography Based on Laser-Plasma Accelerators

laser, electron, plasma, experiment

274

G.M. Bruhaug, G.W. Collins, H.G. Rinderknecht, J.R. Rygg, J.L. Shaw, M.S. Wei
LLE, Rochester, New York, USA
M.S. Freeman, F.E. Merrill, L.P. Neukirch, C. Wilde
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0003856 DOE under Awards DE-SC00215057 University of Rochester New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
Analysis methods are presented for determining the res-olution of both contact and projected electron radiography based on a laser-plasma accelerator. A means to determine the field strength of the electric/magnetic fields generated when a laser is incident on an object of interest is also outlined. Broad radiography results are reported and future plans for the diagnostic technique are outlined.

Slides TUXD4 [12.157 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUXD4

About •

Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 04 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 06 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPA09

Designing Accelerator-Driven Experiments for Accelerator-Driven Reactors

neutron, experiment, site, operation

360

M.A. Cummings, R.J. Abrams, R.P. Johnson, J.D. Lobo, T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA

Muons, Inc., with its collaborators, to the best of our knowledge is the only one of the several reactor concept companies in the US that is concentrating on an accelerator-driven subcritical high-power reactor design. The major objection to such systems has been that short interruptions of beam of even a few seconds would turn off fission power long enough to induce temperature-gradient shocks and subsequent fatigue of solid fuel elements. Mu*STAR solves this problem by using a molten-salt fuel. Mu*STAR is a reactor design that not only includes a particle accelerator as an integral part, but has several innovative features that make it a compelling solution to many problems. We note that the ADSR concepts being pursued by the Chinese Academy of Science (ADANES) and the Belgians (MYRRHA) are based on traditional solid fuel elements and require exceptional stability from their accelerator.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-TUPA09

About •

Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 05 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 08 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEYD6

Design of a PIP-II Era Mu2e Experiment

proton, solenoid, experiment, collider

568

M.A. Cummings, R.J. Abrams, R.P. Johnson, T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

We propose a design of an upgraded Mu2e experiment for the future Fermilab PIP-II era based on the muon collider front end. The consensus is that such an upgrade should provide a factor of 10 increase in the rate of stopping muons in the experimental target. The current Mu2e design is optimized for 8 kW of protons at 8 GeV. The PIP-II upgrade project is a 250-meter-long CW linac capable of accelerating a 2-mA proton beam to a kinetic energy of 800 MeV (total power 1.6 MW). This would significantly improve the Fermilab proton source to enable next-generation intensity frontier experiments. But using this 800 MeV beam poses challenges to the Mu2E experiment. Bright muon beams generated from sources designed for muon collider and neutrino factory facilities have been shown to generate two orders of magnitude more muons per proton than the current Mu2e production target and solenoid. In contrast to the current Mu2e, the muon collider design has forward-production of muons from the target.

Slides WEYD6 [1.937 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEYD6

About •

Received ※ 06 August 2022 — Revised ※ 11 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPA30

Nb₃Sn Coating of a 2.6 GHz SRF Cavity by Sputter Deposition Technique

cavity, SRF, site, plasma

691

M.S. Shakel, W. Cao, H. Elsayed-Ali, Md.N. Sayeed
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
G.V. Eremeev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
U. Pudasaini, A-M. Valente-Feliciano
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Supported by DOE, Office of Accelerator R&D and Production, Contact No. DE-SC0022284, with partial support by DOE, Office of Nuclear Physics DE-AC05-06OR23177, Early Career Award to G. Eremeev.
Nb₃Sn is of interest as a coating for SRF cavities due to its higher transition temperature Tc ~18.3 K and superheating field Hsh ~400 mT, both are twice that of Nb. Nb₃Sn coated cavities can achieve high-quality factors at 4 K and can replace the bulk Nb cavities operated at 2 K. A cylindrical magnetron sputtering system was built, commissioned, and used to deposit Nb₃Sn on the inner surface of a 2.6 GHz single-cell Nb cavity. With two identical cylindrical magnetrons, this system can coat a cavity with high symmetry and uniform thickness. Using Nb-Sn multilayer sequential sputtering followed by annealing at 950°C for 3 hours, polycrystalline Nb₃Sn films were first deposited at the equivalent positions of the cavity’s beam tubes and equator. The film’s composition, crystal structure, and morphology were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. The Tc of the films was measured by the four-point probe method and was 17.61 to 17.76 K. Based on these studies, ~1.2 micron thick Nb₃Sn was deposited inside a 2.6 GHz Nb cavity. We will discuss first results from samples and cavity coatings, and the status of the coating system.

Poster WEPA30 [1.769 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA30

About •

Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 August 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPA32

Spallation Neutron Source Cryogenic Moderator System Helium Gas Analysis System

cryogenics, MMI, neutron, operation

699

B. DeGraff, L. Pinion
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
R. Armstrong, J. Denison, M.P. Howell, S.-H. Kim, D. Montierth
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
M.D. Williamson
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by SNS through UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. DOE.
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) operates the Cryogenic Moderator System (CMS). The CMS comprises a 20-K helium refrigerator and three helium to hydrogen heat exchangers in support of hydrogen cooled spallation moderation vessels. This system uses vessels filled with activated carbon as the final major component to remove oil vapor from the compressed helium in the cryogenic cold box. SNS uses a LINDE multi-component gas analyzer to detect the presence of contaminants in the warm helium flow upstream of the cold box including aerosolized oil vapor. The design challenges of installing and operating this analyzer on the CMS system due to normal system operating pressures will be discussed. The design, fabrication, installation, commissioning, and initial results of this system operation will be presented. Future upgrades to the analyzer system will also be discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA32

About •

Received ※ 06 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPA37

Benchmarking and Exploring Parameter Space of the 2-Phase Bubble Tracking Model for Liquid Mercury Target Simulation

simulation, neutron, experiment, injection

711

L. Lin, M.I. Radaideh, H. Tran, D.E. Winder
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: This project was funded by the U.S. DOE under grant DE-SC0009915.
High intensity proton pulses strike the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)’s mercury target to provide bright neutron beams. These strikes deposit extensive energy into the mercury and its steel vessel. Prediction of the resultant loading on the target is difficult when helium gas is intentionally injected into the mercury to reduce the loading and to mitigate the pitting damage on the vessel. A 2-phase material model that incorporates the Rayleigh-Plesset (R-P) model is expected to address this complex multi-physics dynamics problem by including the bubble dynamics in the liquid mercury. We present a study comparing the measured target strains in the SNS target station with the simulation results of the solid mechanics simulation framework. We investigate a wide range of various physical model parameters, including the number of bubble families, bubble size distribution, viscosity, surface tension, etc. to understand their impact on simulation accuracy. Our initial findings reveal that using 8-10 bubble families in the model renders a simulation strain envelope that covers the experimental ones. Further optimization studies are planned to predict the strain response more accurately.

Poster WEPA37 [1.985 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA37

About •

Received ※ 27 July 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPA41

Maximizing Output of 3 MeV S-band Industrial Accelerator

gun, ECR, simulation, high-voltage

723

D. Fischer, M. Denney, A.V. Mishin, S. Proskin, J. Roylance, L. Young
Varex Imaging, Salt Lake City, USA

Earlier, we have reported on a record-breaking 3-MeV Accelerator Beam Centerline (ABC) built in 2017-2018. An upgraded version of this 3-MeV S-band ABC has been developed at Varex Imaging as a key component for one of the most popular X-ray industrial linear accelerator systems, commonly used for security and NDT applications. Being significantly strained by excessive backstreaming, increasing of the ABC output is a challenging task. We describe these challenges and highlight high power test results. The triode gun and structure design improvements allowed us to raise stable output up to 530 Rad/min/1m at 3 MeV and up to 220 Rad/min/1m at 4.5 MeV with a widely available 2.5-MW/2.7-kW magnetron, while maintaining the spot size at 2 mm.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA41

About •

Received ※ 03 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 20 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPA43

Self-Contained Linac Irradiator for the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)

electron, linac, simulation, quadrupole

728

A. Diego, R.B. Agustsson, R.D. Berry, S. Boucher, O. Chimalpopoca, S.V. Kutsaev, A.Yu. Smirnov, V.S. Yu
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
S.J. Coleman
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Funding: This work was financed by the US department of energy SBIR grant no. DE- SC0020010.
A 3-MeV X-band linac has been developed employing a cost-effective split structure design in order to replace radioactive isotope irradiators currently used for the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and other applications. The penetration of a Co-60 irradiator can be matched with Bremsstrahlung produced by a 3-MeV electron beam. The use of electron accelerators eliminates security risks and hazards inherent with radioactive sources. We present the current state of this X-band split structure linac and the rest of the irradiator system.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA43

About •

Received ※ 04 August 2022 — Revised ※ 06 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPA71

Unified Orbit Feedback at NSLS-II

feedback, operation, quadrupole, photon

795

Y. Hidaka, Y. Li, R.M. Smith, Y. Tian, G.M. Wang, X. Yang
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: This work is supported by U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-SC0012704.
We have developed an orbit correction / feedback program to unify the existing orbit-related feedback systems for stable beam operation at NSLS-II. Until recently only a handful of beamlines have been benefiting from long-term orbit stability provided by a local bump agent program. To expand this to all the beamlines as well as correct more frequently, a new slow orbit feedback program called unified orbit feedback (UOFB) was written from scratch that works with the fast orbit feedback transparently, while accumulated fast corrector strength is continuously shifted to the slow correctors and RF frequency is adjusted for circumference change. UOFB can lock 3 different types of local bumps to the target offsets/angles for days: those for insertion device (ID) sources with only ID RF beam position monitors (BPM) or mixtures of ID RF BPMs and X-ray BPMs, and those for bending magnet sources with arc BPMs between which orbit correctors, dipoles and quadrupoles exist. Furthermore, this feed-back can accommodate beamline user requests to enable / disable the feedback loop for their beamline and to change bump target setpoints without turning off the loop.

Poster WEPA71 [2.541 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-WEPA71

About •

Received ※ 02 August 2022 — Revised ※ 09 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THYD4

Progress on the APS-U Injector Upgrade

booster, injection, simulation, storage-ring

859

J.R. Calvey, T. Fors, K.C. Harkay, U. Wienands
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
For the APS-Upgrade, it was decided to leave the present APS injector chain in place and make individual improvements where needed. The main challenges faced by the injectors are delivering a high charge bunch (up to 16 nC in a single shot) to the storage ring, operating the booster synchrotron and storage ring at different rf frequencies, and maintaining good charge stability during APS-U operations. This paper will summarize recent progress on the injector upgrade. Topics include bucket targeting with the new injection/extraction timing system (IETS), modeling of high charge longitudinal instability in the PAR, and measurements of charge stability for different modes of operation.

Slides THYD4 [2.015 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2022-THYD4

About •

Received ※ 19 July 2022 — Accepted ※ 11 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 22 August 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)